51.What type of training should be provided to managers in companies implementing a merit pay system?
a.Job analysis training
b.Job evaluation training
c.Performance appraisal training
d.Performance evaluation training
52.Which of the following steps used to apply the principles of reinforcement theory is described as the “heart of the program”?
a.Establish a baseline measure for behavior by measuring current performance levels.
b.Analyze performance consequences.
c.Change the consequences.
d.Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the program.
53.All but which of the following steps can be used to apply the principles of reinforcement theory for increasing motivational levels of subordinates?
a.Determine the specific behaviors in which employees should engage.
b.Establish a baseline measure for behavior by measuring current performance levels.
c.Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the program.
d.Once performance has improved, continually reinforce the behavior.
54.Which of the following can be used to motivate employees with intrinsic rewards?
a.Pay raises
b.Added benefits
c.Routine job assignments
d.Stimulating job assignments
55.The ____ stipulates that worker behavior can be shaped, modified, or changed by manipulating the system of rewards given or withheld for the relevant behavior.
a.two-factor theory
b.expectancy theory
c.enrichment theory
d.reinforcement theory
56.According to ____, all individuals are motivated by the need for affiliation, achievement, and power.
a.Vroom’s expectancy theory
b.Herzberg’s two-factor theory
c.McClelland’s need-achievement theory
d.Adam’s equity theory
57.Reinforcement theory provides a useful guide to managers interested in using ____ to motivate employees.
a.intrinsic rewards
b.extrinsic rewards
c.praise
d.recognition
58.When using McClelland’s need-achievement theory, employees with a high need for affiliation generally:
a.prefer to work alone.
b.dislike playing the role of coach or mentor.
c.want friendship and close relations.
d.like projects with high conflict.
59.According to McClelland’s theory, individuals motivated by which need have the desire to outperform others?
a.Need for power
b.Need for recognition
c.Need for affiliation
d.Need for achievement
60.All but which of the following distinguish people with a high need for achievement?
a.They prefer high risks.
b.They enjoy playing the role of entrepreneur.
c.They like to be held personally responsible for projects.
d.They want frequent feedback on their own performance.