51) The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is
A) brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian.
B) brachiocephalic, left subclavian, left common carotid.
C) left common carotid, left subclavian, brachiocephalic.
D) left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic.
52) What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?
A) valves
B) the narrowed lumen
C) thick smooth muscle and elastic layers
D) increased blood pressure
53) The largest molecules that pass through the walls of typical capillaries are thought to use which route?
A) direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) pinocytotic vesicles
C) intercellular clefts
D) tight junctions
54) The internal carotid artery branches to form the
A) anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries.
B) facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
C) middle meningeal and middle cerebral arteries.
D) posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries.
55) The major cause of atherosclerosis is due to the
A) formation of atheromas.
B) destruction of valves in veins.
C) lack of formation of anastomosis between vessels.
D) destruction of elastic fibers in artery walls.
56) Most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. However, systemic venous blood that is
not
oxygen-poor and is nutrient-rich occurs in
A) the renal vein.
B) superficial veins of the limbs.
C) the hepatic portal vein.
D) the pulmonary veins.
57) The ________ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland.
A) axillary artery
B) costocervical trunk
C) thyrocervical trunk
D) vertebral artery
58) The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of
A) a venule.
B) a sinusoid.
C) an erythrocyte.
D) a fat cell.
59) Which of the following statements about arterioles is
false?
A) They regulate the flow of blood to capillary beds through contraction and relaxation of the tunica media.
B) They redirect blood flow in a sympathetic response to skeletal muscle.
C) They can lead into metarterioles.
D) They have the largest content of smooth muscle in their tunica media.
60) Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the
A) renal veins.
B) hepatic portal vein.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) umbilical veins of the fetus.