51) In the wall of the trachea and bronchi, the cartilage rings lie within which tissue layer?
A) inner epithelium
B) mucosa
C) submucosa
D) fibromusculocartilaginous layer
52) The aortic bodies
A) sense the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
B) give rise to the pulmonary arteries.
C) are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
D) are in the hilum of the lung.
53) Of the following, which is the only organ that is
not
an upper respiratory structure? (Hint: Recall Figure 22.3.)
A) larynx
B) oropharynx
C) vestibule of the nose
D) nasal cavity
54) An aortic aneurysm that presses on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve could lead to
A) paralysis of the diaphragm.
B) hoarse speech.
C) complete loss of speech.
D) inability of the carotid sinus to monitor blood gases.
55) Lung cancer occurs slightly more frequently in the right lung than in the left lung (about 53% versus 47% of the time). The most logical explanation for this is that
A) the tissue of the right lung is more susceptible to carcinogens.
B) the right nostril is closed more often than the left one, so it blocks the exhalation of cigarette smoke and causes smoke to back up into the right lung.
C) most people are right-handed, so everything affects the right side of the body more intensely.
D) the right primary bronchus is wider than the left one (and the right lung is larger than the left lung), so the right lung receives slightly more carcinogenic cigarette smoke with each puff.
56) The main function of the elaborate venous plexus in the nasal mucosa is
A) diapedesis of leukocytes.
B) to replace vessels broken in nose bleeds.
C) to supply extra blood to the brain and supplement the dural sinuses.
D) to warm blood and moisten inhaled air.
57) Which pulmonary disease is characterized by a permanent enlargement of the alveoli?
A) emphysema
B) tuberculosis
C) pneumonia
D) lung cancer
58) The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the
A) arytenoid cartilage.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.
59) The trachealis muscle
A) constricts the trachea.
B) controls the length and tension of the vocal cords.
C) initiates the cough reflex.
D) raises the larynx when swallowing.
60) The pharyngeal tonsil is
A) scattered throughout the pharynx.
B) in the fauces.
C) the largest tonsil.
D) synonymous with the adenoids in the roof of the nasopharynx.