51. All of the following are trends that suggest that public-sector unions are currently facing many of the obstacles that caused the decline of unions in the private sector EXCEPT:
a) unions representing public employees are attempting to innovate
b) increased pressure to control service costs is pressuring many governments to curtail wage growth
c) public sentiment seems to be shifting toward a less favorable opinion of unions
d) the privatization of public services
52. All of the following are strategies unions are using to deal with declines in
a) unions are focusing on organizing part-time workers
b) unions are focusing on managing their image
c) unions are focusing on organizing professional workers
d) unions are making greater efforts to organize historically disadvantaged workers
53. How do unions in the U.S. and the rest of the world differ?
a) unions around the world differ in membership criteria
b) unions in the U.S. are more closely aligned with political parties than in other countries
c) unions worldwide differ in the emphasis they place on advancing employees’ financial interests
d) unions in France are less political than in other countries
54. All of the following are ways unions affect non-union workers EXCEPT:
a) the threat of unionization can result in employers communicating more effectively with their nonunionized workers
b) unionization can increase wages for an industry
c) the threat of unionization can result in improved working conditions
d) unionized workers impact political outcomes for non-union workers
55. The first step in organizing a union is:
a) an authorization card campaign, in which employees sign cards stating that they will vote for a union to be formed
b) an authorization card campaign, in which employees sign cards stating that they wish to hold an election to determine whether a union will be formed
c) a representation petition where at least 30 percent of eligible workers have signed a petition stating that they will vote for a union to be formed
d) a representation petition where at least 30 percent of eligible workers have signed a petition stating that they wish to hold an election to determine whether a union will be formed
56. All of the following are likely to increase the probability of a union organizing campaign being successful EXCEPT:
a) men and women are more likely to support the union when the union pursues a national political agenda
b) women are more likely to support the union when the union has less centralized control
c) men are more likely to support unions that focus more on money
d) women are more likely to support unions when union leadership includes women
57. Which of the following items below is NOT a mandatory bargaining topic?
a) base pay and performance bonuses
b) the hours for each shift and vacation time off
c) the formation of a closed shop
d) the implementation of safety procedures and policies
58. When an employer shuts down operations during a labor dispute:
a) members of the union are prohibited from working but still must be paid
b) members of the union are prohibited from working and are not paid
c) it is a strike
d) discussion of the lockout is a mandatory bargaining issue
59. Which of the following actions related to labor relations has the potential to inflict the most damage on an organization?
a) a lockout
b) a boycott
c) mandatory bargaining
d) a strike
60. Which of the following is NOT likely to influence cooperation during the collective bargaining process?
a) the past—the level of trust developed during previous negotiations
b) data gathering and data sharing
c) an understanding of distributive and integrative issues
d) ability to use problem-solving techniques