5. A team of researchers in the 1960s was interested in whether cigarette smoking sales could be used to predict the incident of bladder cancer deaths across populations. They surveyed 15 major cities in the United States and gathered data on how many cigarettes were sold per capita (i.e., number of cigarettes per person living in the city) and the number of bladder cancer deaths per 100,000 people. The data are below.
Cigarette Sales: 18.2, 25.82, 18.24, 28.60, 31.1, 33.6, 40.46, 28.27, 20.1, 27.91, 26.18, 22.12, 21.84, 23.44, 21.58
Bladder Cancer Deaths: 2.9, 3.52, 2.99, 4.46, 5.11, 4.78, 5.6, 4.46, 3.08, 4.75, 4.09, 4.23, 2.91, 2.86, 4.65
a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses for this study? What statistical test should be used for this study? Justify your answer.
b) What are the explanatory and response variables in this study? Justify your answer.
c) What percent of the variability in the response variable is explained by the explanatory variable? Is the relationship between the two variables significant or not?
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