4NH026 Assignment Brief (3,500 word Written Assignment)LO1: Discuss how research is used in generating knowledge and understanding in predicting opportunities for health promotion, protection and...

Introduction    2
Step one    2
Overview of the Geographical Profile    2
Characteristics of the population    2
Aspects of Life That Have an Effect on Health    3
The Current State of People's Health    4
Step 2    5
Target Population    5
Step 3    6
A prioritisation of health concerns    6
Step 4    7
Conclusion    9
Reference    10
Introduction
The Walsall community's health needs assessment served as the inspiration for this task. A geographical profile was created, and requirements were prioritised as part of this evaluation. Only a brief overview of the profile is provided, but it is argued that this is sufficient to justify focusing on children (Bandhakavi et al,2021). National and local goals; the quality of the evidence; and the perspectives of those who would be receiving the service all contributed to making poverty relief a top priority. Using an area-based method, a programme for revitalising a city has been identified, and the health-promoting strategies that support it are discussed. Stakeholder analysis is used to determine who the most important players are. Finally, the difficulty and potential solutions of public engagement are discussed (Bant et al,2021).
Step one
Overview of the Geographical Profile
An overview of Walsall's locational profile is provided here. Details on the population, such as its size, age structure, and gender and racial makeup, will be provided. The effects of social issues such as poverty and isolation on health will be investigated. Finally, the population's health situation will be examined, with special attention paid to death rates, lifestyle choices, and mental illness (Blake,2020).
Characteristics of the population
There are an estimated 286,700 residents in Walsall, England; around 21.7% are children under the age of 15 (62,300), 60.8% are employed adults (16-64; 174,300), and 17.5% are 65 and above (50,100), for a dependency ratio of 0.64 dependents for 1 employed adult. This works out to around 2,757 individuals per square kilometre in terms of population density. With a peak of 266,800 in 2010, the population has grown by 7.45% over the previous decade, with the youngest age group expanding by 12.2% and the oldest age group increasing by 10.2% compared to a relatively modest rise of roughly 5.1% among those of working age (16-64) (Cernis,2020).
Population growth slowed somewhat owing to COVID-19 mortality and decreased population mobility through internal and external migration, as shown in the mid-2020 forecasts. Therefore, it is projected that Walsall's population increased by 1,200 (0.43%) between 2019 and 2020, compared to the 2,100 (0.74%) increase seen the year before. In 2020, the pace of population growth was nearly half of what it had been during the previous five years (0.83%) (Dyson,2022).
Females outnumber men in Walsall by 15, 884, with the biggest concentration seen among those aged 50 to 54. (PHE, 2018b). The Ministry of Housing and Communities established ethnic majority status for the Cornish and Local Government in 2014; as of 2018, 92.18 per cent of the population identified as Cornish (PHE, 2018c). Due to its low percentage of self-identified people of colour (1.8%; PHE, 2018c), Walsall is mostly white (El-Gamal and Hanefeld,2020).
Aspects of Life That Have an Effect on Health
The current position of Walsall on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is 25 out of 317. Compared to 2015, when Walsall IMD ranked 68th out of 326, this represents an increase. Only 24 per cent of Walsall's 326 neighbourhoods have been less impoverished since 2015, while 8 per cent have become more so, and 68 per cent have remained the same. The most impoverished cities in Cornwall are Camborne and Penzance. The most common forms of deprivation in these areas are those pertaining to financial stability, access to meaningful work, quality education, and health and well-being (Harrison et al,2019).
Lack of resources has been shown to affect both physical and mental health negatively. People in England's least impoverished regions have a healthy life expectancy 20 years longer than those in the country's most impoverished regions. Lack of money and other assets adds up to a poverty-like state from which people suffer severe deprivation. Despite being 0.6% lower than the national average, child poverty is on the rise in Walsall, where 16.2% of children under the age of 16 live in low-income homes (Laitila,2018).
Some sections of Walsall have double the national rate of child poverty as the rest of the country. According to the Marmot Review, low income throughout childhood may have lasting effects on an individual's health and longevity into adulthood. As a result, lowering child poverty can boost health outcomes, extend life expectancy, and end the cycle of poverty. One of the greatest difficulties in public health is minimising this disparity (Litchfield et al,2018).
The Current State of People's Health
Men in Walsall have a 75-year life expectancy, while women in the city have an 83-year average lifespan. The national average is 7 years. Therefore both of these figures are better than that. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) kills 66.7 out of every 100,000 persons less than 75 years old. If we compare this to the U.S. average of 71.7 individuals per 100,000, we can see that this is a significant improvement. Their own personal habits and routines determine the bulk of an individual's cardiovascular disease risk (Livingston et al,2021). Smoking, high cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, poor nutrition, dangerous alcohol use, and lack of physical exercise are only a few of the physiological or behavioural cardiovascular disease risk factors as explained by PHE. A diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, fish, chicken, and moderate amounts of dairy and heart-healthy vegetable oil may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease by roughly a third (Noble et al,2019). While PHE estimates that 52.4% of Americans do not receive their recommended daily intake of five servings of fruits and vegetables, 57.3% of Walsall residents aged 15 and over do. While 46.8% of Walsall residents report walking at least five times daily, this is less than the average income of 50.6%, according to Public Health England. The percentage of adult smokers in Walsall is 13.8%, which is lower than the national average of 14.4% and despite the known health concerns connected with smoking. This threat has diminished over the last decade since smoking prevalence in Walsall has decreased (Reid, 2019).
The residents of Walsall express worry about issues related to mental health. Male suicide in Walsall is 21.9% per 100,000, which is...