41) The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the
A) ureteric orifice.
B) urachus opening.
C) internal urethral orifice.
D) detrusor.
42) Renin is produced in
A) the glomerulus.
B) the renal medulla.
C) the granular cells.
D) glomerular capsules.
43) The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)
A) act to increase the surface area for absorption.
B) thicken the bladder wall so that it does not burst.
C) are not present in life, only in cadavers.
D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills.
44) Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?
A) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one.
B) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue.
C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.
D) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas in females it is part of the urinary system only.
45) Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?
A) urge incontinence
B) overflow incontinence
C) urinary retention
D) stress incontinence
46) Which of the following would
not
inhibit micturition?
A) stimulation of the somatic motor neurons to the external urethral sphincter
B) activation of the sympathetic pathways
C) relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter
D) relaxation of the detrusor muscles
47) Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?
A) ascending limb of the nephron loop
B) descending limb of the nephron loop
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) proximal convoluted tubule
48) An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that
A) the former only secretes, the latter only filters.
B) one lies in the renal cortex, the other in the medulla.
C) only one has a folded basolateral membrane containing enzymes for ion transport.
D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.
49) An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that
A) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles.
B) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules.
C) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption.
D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.
50) From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) all three layers