4. The t statistic, the t distribution, and sample size The average age at which adolescent girls reach their adult height is 16 years. Suppose you have a sample of 25 adolescent girls who are...

4. The t statistic, the t distribution, and sample size

The average age at which adolescent girls reach their adult height is 16 years.

Suppose you have a sample of 25 adolescent girls who are developmentally delayed, and who have an average age at which they reached their adult height of 17.2 years and a sample variance of 32.5 years. You want to test the hypothesis that adolescent girls who are developmentally delayed have a different age at which they reached their adult height than all adolescent girls.

Calculate the t statistic. To do this, you first need to calculate the estimated standard error. The estimated standard error is sMM=1.1402 . The t statistic is1.05 .

Now suppose you have a larger sample size n = 95. Calculate the estimated standard error and the t statistic for this sample with the same sample average and the same standard deviation as above, but with the larger sample size. The new estimated standard error is . The new t statistic is .

Note that the t statistic becomeslarger as n becomes smaller.

Use the Distributions tool to look at the t distributions for different sample sizes. To do this, choose the Degrees of Freedom for the first sample size on the slider, and click the radio button with the single orange line. Move the orange vertical line to the right until the number below the orange line is located on the t statistic. The probability of getting that t statistic or one more extreme will appear in the bubble with the orange type. Now repeat the process for the other sample.

t Distribution

Degrees of Freedom = 52

-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.03.0x

What is the probability of getting the t statistic or something more extreme for the sample size of n = 25? p = . What is the probability of getting the t statistic or something more extreme for the sample size of n = 95? p = .

The t distribution is with a larger n. (Hint: To best see this, click the radio button in the tool with no vertical lines. Slowly move the Degrees of Freedom slider from the smallest value to the largest value, and observe how the shape of the distribution changes.)

Jun 03, 2022

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4. The t statistic, the t distribution, and sample size The average age at which adolescent girls reach their adult height is 16 years. Suppose you have a sample of 25 adolescent girls who are...

4. The t statistic, the t distribution, and sample size

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