4. Do the "Bond X" bonds in Figure 4 involve atoms in the amino acid R groups or in the polypeptide "backbone"/ “main chain" atoms? 5. Given Your Answer To "b," are each of the following statements...

Extracted text: 4. Do the "Bond X" bonds in Figure 4 involve atoms in the amino acid R groups or in the polypeptide "backbone"/ “main chain" atoms? 5. Given Your Answer To "b," are each of the following statements True or False? Be able to explain your reasoning. o Only very specific primary sequences can form a-helices and B-sheets. o Many different primary sequences can form a-helices and B-sheets. Each arrow depicted in Figure 4D represents consecutive amino acids in the primary sequence of the polypeptide, while the different arrows may be formed from amino acids that are removed from each other in the primary sequence. Each arrow is referred to as a B-strand, and the structure formed through interaction of the B-strands is the B-sheet. In a complete protein, other segments of the protein would connect the different B-strands. 6. Do the "Bond X" bonds in the B-sheet connect atoms from the same B-strand or neighboring strands?


Extracted text: amino acids are joined together by bónds, which are a particular bond. type of SECONDARY STRUCTURE B sheet a helix amino acid side chain amino acid side chain Bond X hydrogen carbon. oxygen nitrogen Bond X carbon carbon- hydrogen peptide bond „nitrogen -nitrogen oxygen carbon B Figure 4-10 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (© Garland Science 2010) Figure 4. Two types of secondary structure proteins: a-helix and B-sheet (constructed from multiple B-strands). A & B: a-helix structure represented in (A) ball-and-stick and (B) ribbon forms. C & D: B-sheet structure represented similarly. Copyright 2013 from Essential Cell Biology, 4th Edition by Alberts et al. Reproduced by permission Garland Science/Taylor & Francis LLC. Answer the below questions on secondary structure in your own document. 3. The hatched lines connecting atoms in Figure 4 represent the bonds that hold together these secondary structures (for example, the bond labeled "Bond X"). What types of bonds are these? (If you're having trouble seeing, these bonds are between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom, and a hatched line represents the same type of bond as the dotted lines you encountered when discussing water and the macromolecules.)