31._____ refers to efforts by organizations to reduce the number of social categories to diminish the “us” versus “them” thinking.
a.Wage compression
b.Cross-utilization
c.Symbolic egalitarianism
d.Overarching philosophy
32.By following which HRM practice can an organization let applicants know that they are joining an elite organization that has high expectations regarding employee performance?
a.Overarching philosophy
b.Cross-utilization and cross-training
c.Selectivity in recruiting
d.Employee ownership
33._____ refers to the process of reducing the size of pay differences among employees.
a.Wage depression
b.Wage compression
c.Incentive pay
d.Employee ownership
34.Which HRM practice involves encouraging the decentralization of decision making?
a.Participation and empowerment
b.Symbolic egalitarianism
c.Cross-utilization and cross-training
d.Overarching philosophy
35.Which of the following is not one of the sixteen HRM practices that enhance competitive advantage?
a.Employer ownership
b.Employment security
c.Participation and empowerment
d.Cross-utilization and cross-training
36.Which of the following involves filling job vacancies by promoting employees from jobs at a lower organizational level?
a.Overarching philosophy
b.Promotion from within
c.Cross-utilization
d.Job redesign
37._____ is defined as the extent to which employees are willing to exert the necessary effort to perform their jobs well.
a.Competence
b.Motivation
c.Work-related attitude
d.Conscientiousness
38._____ refers to the willingness of employees to engage in behaviors that help the organization achieve its goals.
a.Organizational commitment
b.Organizational citizenship
c.Organizational turnover
d.Organizational compliance
39.An employee refusing a job offer from a competitor because of the commitment to the current employer is an example of HRM practices leading to _____.
a.employee-centered outcomes
b.organization-centered outcomes
c.employer-centered outcomes
d.competitive advantages
40._____ is defined as the extent to which employees are satisfied with their jobs, committed to their organizations, and act as good organizational citizens.
a.Competence
b.Motivation
c.Work-related attitude
d.Conscientiousness