24.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The ________ urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle and under voluntary control.
2) The calyces and renal pelvis are all flared branches off the ________, which is an organ that transmits urine to the bladder.
3) The ________, a clinical landmark in the urinary bladder, is bounded by the two ureteric openings and the internal urethral orifice.
4) Most water and solutes are resorbed from the convoluted renal tubules into the ________.
5) The U-shaped ________ is located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
6) ________ are large cells with complex "footlike" processes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries.
7) The ________ artery is located between the interlobar and cortical radiate arteries.
8) Between the fibrous renal capsule and the renal fascia is a cushioning and supportive ________ fat capsule.
9) Adjacent collecting ducts join to form larger ________ that drain into the minor calyx.
10) Blood pressure is regulated by a specialized structure, known as the ________, that contacts both the afferent arteriole and the terminal end of the nephron loop.
11) The ________ layer of the ureters propel urine to the bladder by peristalsis.
12) Voiding of urine, known as ________, involves sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic fibers.
13) Five ________ arteries branch from the renal artery and enter the hilus.
14) ________ cells are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles that secrete the hormone renin.
15) Glomeruli arise from branches off the ________ arterioles of the cortex.