2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry...

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Extracted text: 2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011


Extracted text: 2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.