21.While implementing the Scanlon Plan, what is the base period for which production costs are averaged to calculate the ratio of production cost to sales value of production?
a.Two years
b.Three to five years
c.Five to seven years
d.Seven years
22.____ offer employees a cash reward for meeting or exceeding goals based on the collaborative performance of a team of employees.
a.Quality circle plans
b.Gainsharing plans
c.Piece rate plans
d.Merit pay plans
23.Gainsharing plans feature all but which of the following?
a.Productivity goals that can be achieved through effective teamwork.
b.Employees receive cash bonuses if those goals are met.
c.Employees are discouraged from making suggestions for cutting production costs.
d.Productivity is measured by an explicit formula with objective measures.
24.Gainsharing programs are most commonly found in:
a.manufacturing firms.
b.government offices.
c.professional service firms.
d.financial institutions.
25.Gainsharing plans tend to be more cost effective than merit pay plans because gainsharing payments represent:
a.fixed costs.
b.variable costs.
c.sunk costs.
d.average costs.
26.Problems associated with gainsharing plans are due to all but which of the following reasons?
a.Employee perceptions of unfairness.
b.Dwindling employee suggestions for improving efficiency.
c.Inflexibility of payout formulas.
d.Reduction of competition among team members.
27.A portion of a company’s profits are contributed to employee accounts in:
a.profit-sharing plans.
b.gainsharing plans.
c.quality circle plans.
d.piece rate plans.
28.____ gives employees the right to receive benefits from a plan in the future.
a.Gaining
b.Vesting
c.Profit-sharing
d.Deferred sharing
29.Which type of profit-sharing plan distributes the individual's earnings at retirement?
a.Retirement plans
b.Deferred plans
c.Distribution plans
d.Combination plans
30.Which type of profit-sharing plan fully distributes each period’s earnings as soon as the profit-sharing pool is calculated?
a.Functional plans
b.Deferred plans
c.Distribution plans
d.Combination plans