2000 word essay about hydraulic fracturing, there is a set structure shown in the files below
-Society and Culture External - Fracking In NT To what extent is hydraulic fracturing socially, economically and environmentally impacting the Northern Territory? Three Guiding Questions – 1. Does the Northern territory benefit economically from hydraulic fracturing? 2. How does hydraulic fracturing environmentally impact the Northern Territory? 3. How does hydraulic fracturing impact upon the Indigenous population? Definition: Fracking is Indigenous people Politicians both sides Scientist – climate Someone who went to a protest Socially environmentally and economically Recommendations – Interview Questions – Environmental · What is your scientific perspective about hydraulic fracturing in the Northern Territory and fracking in general? · Do you believe hydraulic fracturing has a positive or negative impact environmentally on the Northern Territory and globally? · In your experience will hydraulic fracturing impact upon Indigenous Aboriginal people and communities? Interview Questions – Socially · What is your perspective on fracking in the Northern Territory, Australia and world-wide? · What impact do you believe fracking has socially on the Northern Territory and Australia? · In your experience, how does fracking effect people? Does it have a good or bad effect? (locals, Indigenous people, etc) Interview Questions – Economically · What are your views on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the Northern territory? · What do you believe are the economic impacts of fracking in the Northern Territory? · Are the economic effects good or bad for the Northern Territory and society? · Who benefits from the economic impacts? Introduction – Despite hydraulic fracturing being profitable for oil and gas companies, some argue that the destructive process has long term negative effects on the Northern Territory. Hydraulic fracturing or ‘fracking’ is ‘an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, sand, and chemicals under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. Hydraulic fracturing is a well-stimulation technique used commonly in low-permeability rocks like tight sandstone, shale, and some coal beds to increase oil and/or gas flow to a well from petroleum-bearing rock formations[footnoteRef:1]. In the Northern Territory fracking is believed to be safe and beneficial but, it is debated whether this is true. In order to investigate the problems involving hydraulic fracturing, it must be considered if the Northern Territory benefits from hydraulic fracturing, how the environment is impacted from hydraulic fracturing and how the Indigenous population is affected from hydraulic fracking. [1: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-hydraulic-fracturing?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products] The issue of hydraulic fracturing will continue to be of vast social and cultural significance, as it will constantly be imperative to individuals in the Northern territory. The goal of this investigation is to obtain an understanding of the different impacts of hydraulic fracturing on the Northern Territory. This understanding will be obtained through secondary sources, such as the internet and books, as well as three interviews with individuals who have a high knowledge of hydraulic fracturing and a public survey, to gain primary understanding. These interviews were conducted with · A Labor Politician, Nicole Manison · A member of ‘Lock the Alliance’ – Dan? · An Environmental scientist – Simon Apte? In order to efficiently investigate the problems involving hydraulic fracturing, it is essential to consider; 1. Does the Northern territory benefit economically from hydraulic fracturing? 2. How does hydraulic fracturing environmentally impact the Northern Territory? 3. How does hydraulic fracturing impact upon the Indigenous population? First Question – Does the Northern Territory benefit economically from hydraulic fracturing? There are a wide range of different factors that impact the economics of hydraulic fracking, however it is debated whether it is beneficial or not. Fracking produces multiple social impacts on communities. There is a very real risk that the current economic climate in the NT will lead to poor decision making, further compromising the economic future of the NT and regions like the Barkly. When you factor these elements and the offsets requirements. it is unlikely that any economic benefits are going to accrue from fracking to the NT and federal Government, especially in the next decade. A key fact is that fossil fuels are becoming more expensive, especially fracking gas the most expensive, and renewables are becoming cheaper every year. Investing in fracking gas creates a huge risk of stranded assets. Since the NT Government lifted the moratorium on fracking in the NT, Wood Mackenzie, a consultant has said to the Australian Financial Review, "Even with the lifting of the fracking ban we are still at least a decade away from large-scale commercial volumes possibly reaching the east coast. And it's all still just a big maybe. After factoring in pipeline transport costs ... any new gas supply will have to achieve an impressively low-cost base before it could make a major impact on domestic prices."[footnoteRef:2] [2: https://www.protectcountrynt.org.au/economic_impacts] https://www.alicespringsnews.com.au/2019/09/19/nt-governments-climate-response-compromised-by-fracking/ https://blog.ucsusa.org/deborah-bailin/fracking-or-hydraulic-fracturing-whats-in-a-name-179 https://frackinginquiry.nt.gov.au/?a=424268 How does hydraulic fracturing environmentally impact the Northern Territory? Fracking gas is the most expensive form of gas due to the procedure entailed and it is additionally the ‘riskiest form’ of gas development regarding environmental risks. These are partly pollution and contamination risks, but also broader risks associated with carbon and fossil fuel issues which are impacting on costs and social licence as well as on our daily lives through climate change. How does hydraulic fracturing impact upon the Indigenous population? The Indigenous community is greatly affected by hydraulic fracturing as 8 Traditional Owners from Mataranka, Borroloola, Maningrida, and Arnhem Land told the Senate Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining, Darwin Hearing, 12 April 2016, about the impacts they were already suffering from gas companies and their fears for the future. The transcript for their joint presentation is available here: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=COMMITTEES;id=committees%2 Fcommsen%2Fb11b69b9-6cc2-4be2-890e-4b4da4eaa521%2F0007;query=Id%3A%22committees%2Fcommsen%2Fb11b69b9-6cc2-4be2-890e- 4b4da4eaa521%2F0000%22 While not necessarily identifying as aboriginal, almost all long-term Territorians have an affinity with the bush and spend a large portion of their holidays fishing. camping, and ‘going bush’. I believe this Territory culture (not just Aboriginal culture) is also worth protecting. Land ownership Land ownership implies having the right to determine what occurs on the land. This right is terminated by gas companies once they gain access to a property, as in reality the gas companies control what happens where and when on the land, despite what the access agreement might say. A group of Indigenous people told the Senate Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining in Darwin in April 2016 that they had had fences cut and mustered cattle released by gas companies accessing their land[footnoteRef:3]. [3: https://frackinginquiry.nt.gov.au/?a=424239] limitations – had an interview with rai kookna and he was in hospital reached out to Aboriginal communities but due to cororna couldn’t do anything reached out to several politicians no one replied but kept trying. Stage 2 Society and Culture Assessment Type 3: Investigation Student Name: Teacher: Mr Jacob Fajzullin Email:
[email protected] Word Length: Maximum 2000 words Draft Due: 24/04/2020 (T2, W1) Final Due: 19/06/2020 (T2, W9) Task You will undertake one independent, focused investigation of a negotiated contemporary social or cultural issue in a local and/or global context and present your findings in a written report. You are encouraged to identify and analyse primary, as well as secondary, sources of information in gathering evidence about the issue. Please ensure you consistently reference your research. To help in the verification of their work, you should keep a folio of support materials and documents that outline the processes of preliminary data collection. The folio is not submitted for assessment. You may use or adapt the following format for your report: Introduction a hypothesis and/or guiding question(s) a definition of the contemporary social or cultural issue a reason for the choice of issue, indicating an appreciation of its significance the overall aim of the investigation proposed methods. Body a brief background to the issue an analysis of primary and secondary sources, identifying reasons for particular viewpoints a synthesis, drawing together the main arguments into a summary of the findings. Conclusion an evaluation of the extent to which the findings support, or fail to support, the hypothesis and/or guiding question(s), and reasons why an evaluation and explanation of trends recognition of the limitations of the investigation unexpected, surprising, or frustrating findings and/or other reflections on the learning suggestions of possible future trends and/or social action. Additional Information · Do not exceed the maximum word limit. · Please include your SACE number, word count and page numbers in your report. · Assessment must be submitted via Turnitin. · Submission file name: SACENO-2SOR20-AT3-Surname. · Extension applications must be submitted via email at least one day before the due date. · Failure to submit the final assessment on the due date will result in the draft submission being marked as the final copy. Comment Grade This assessment is externally assessed. - Knowledge and Understanding Investigation and Analysis Collaboration Evaluation and Communication A In-depth knowledge and perceptive understanding of a range of aspects of and issues related to contemporary societies and cultures, in local and global contexts. In-depth knowledge and understanding of the nature and causes of social change. Perceptive understanding of a variety of ways in which societies and cultures are connected and interdependent. Focused investigation and insightful analysis of a range of aspects and issues related to contemporary societies and cultures, in local and global contexts. Focused investigation and well-informed and critical analysis of ways in which power structures operate in societies. Productive and inclusive planning and evaluation of collaborative social action related to an inquiry in a chosen topic. Insightful and well-informed collaborative social action. Constructive and well-focused individual contribution to group activities. Insightful and focused evaluation and use of evidence from a range of sources and perspectives, with appropriate acknowledgment of sources. Incisive and coherent communication of informed ideas about societies and social and cultural issues. B Some depth in knowledge and well-informed understanding of a range of aspects of and issues related to contemporary societies and cultures, in local and global contexts. Some depth in knowledge and understanding of the nature and causes of social change. Well-considered understanding of a variety of ways in which societies and cultures are connected and interdependent. Well-organised investigation and well-considered analysis of a range of aspects and issues related to contemporary societies and cultures, in local and global contexts. Well-organised investigation and informed and critical analysis of ways in which power structures operate in societies. Productive planning and evaluation of collaborative social action related to an inquiry in a chosen topic. Well-organised and informed collaborative social action. Considered and active individual contribution to group activities. Well-considered and informed evaluation and use of evidence from a range of sources and perspectives, with appropriate acknowledgment of sources. Thoughtful and clear communication of informed ideas about societies and social and cultural issues. C Some detailed knowledge and informed understanding of different aspects