2 ARTICLES WITH 3 SHORT QUESTIONSSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
phys ch 4 1 -The Function and Dysfunction of Heuristics -Usually, the availability heuristic is a useful way to predict events. But under certain circumstances, the availability heuristic can lead to errors. -For example, if a rare event is highly memorable, it will readily come into your mind even though it is unlikely to occur in the future. In turn, you are likely to overestimate the probability that it will happen. Typical examples of these unlikely, but vivid events are plane crashes and success in gambling. The availability heuristic explains why people are often afraid of flying and one reason why they are more likely to continue gambling. -Summary -The availability heuristic can be a useful tool to help simplify our complex lives. But under certain circumstances, it also has the power to mislead us. -As you have learned in this activity, people do not always make logical judgments about the probabilities of events. For example, we think that we can somehow beat the odds when we gamble, even though we know logically that the odds are not in our favor. We are also swayed by events that are easy to remember or are very distinctive. However, although heuristics can lead us to make the wrong decision, they can also save us time and mental energy. While they can sometimes lead to mistakes, taking mental shortcuts, such as the availability heuristic, makes dealing with the complexities of the real world more manageable. SHORT QUESTIONS: 4-5 SENTENCES : 1. Do you think more people die from shark attacks or from falling airplane parts? You might be surprised to learn that you are 30 times more likely to die from a falling airplane part than from a shark attack. Using what you have learned about the availability heuristic, explain why most people would tend to think they’re more likely to die in a shark attack than from a falling airplane part. 2.You are the campaign manager for Ima Winner, who is running for mayor in your hometown. Using the availability heuristic to guide a public relations and advertising campaign, what are two things you can do to increase Ima’s chances of winning the election? ——————————————————— 2 Preliminary Information On the next page you'll be asked to select an Implicit Association Test (IAT) from a list of possible topics . We will also ask you (optionally) to report your attitudes or beliefs about these topics and provide some information about yourself. We ask these questions because the IAT can be more valuable if you also describe your own self- understanding of the attitude or stereotype that the IAT measures. We would also like to compare differences between people and groups. Data Privacy: Data exchanged with this site are protected by SSL encryption. Project Implicit uses the same secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) that banks use to securely transfer credit card information. This provides strong security for data transfer to and from our website. IP addresses are routinely recorded, but are completely confidential. We make the anonymous data collected on the Project Implicit Demonstration website publicly available. You can find more information on our Data Privacy page. Important disclaimer: In reporting to you results of any IAT test that you take, we will mention possible interpretations that have a basis in research done (at the University of Washington, University of Virginia, Harvard University, and Yale University) with these tests. However, these Universities, as well as the individual researchers who have contributed to this site, make no claim for the validity of these suggested interpretations. If you are unprepared to encounter interpretations that you might find objectionable, please do not proceed further. You may prefer to examine general information about the IAT before deciding whether or not to proceed. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/privacy.html https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/iatdetails.html You can contact our research team (
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