2. Ariatnam, Najafi and Morones ( Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 2002) describe an everview od academies on horizontal directional drilling conducted to train...

Direction: Explain each study described in each scenario. (Sample Surveys Study, Experiment Study or Observational Study).

Please answer with options givem between three given type of studies. That is Sample Surveys Study, Experiment Study or Observational Studyand please explain why. Thank you so much!

Extracted text: 2. Ariatnam, Najafi and Morones ( Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 2002) describe an everview od academies on horizontal directional drilling conducted to train negineers and inspectors for the California Department of Transportation. A pretest was administered on the first day prior to any instruction. Instruction and field experience were provided over a 3-day period, followed by a final test administered at the end of the last day. Although the average final test score of 75.27% was higher than the average pretest score of 55.61%, the difference was not significant. a. Identify the type of study described here. b. What is the purpose of administering a pretest?