1.Write short notes on: (a) mRNA (c) rRNA (b) tRNA 2. What are plasmids? Describe some important types of plasmids and their role in recombinant DNA technology. 3. Define mutations. Why are mutations...

(a) mRNA (c) rRNA

(b) tRNA

2. What are plasmids? Describe some important types of plasmids and their role in

recombinant DNA technology. 3. Define mutations. Why are mutations and recombinations important in the process of natural selection and evolution of microorganisms? 4. Peptic ulcer is caused by

(a) Campylobacter jejuni (c) Clostridium tetani

(b) Salmonella enteritidis (d) Helicobacter pylori

5. Mycobacterium leprae has a generation time of

(a) 2 days (c) 3 days

(b) 12 days (d) 4 days

6. Penicillins have no effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae because

(a) Mycoplasmas lack cell wall. (c) Mycoplasmas are too small.

(b) Mycoplasmas possess beta lactamases. (d) Mycoplasmas are viruses.

7 Legionella pneumophila is usually transmitted by

(a) Aerosols (c) Food

(b) Blood (d) Fomites

8. Helicobacter pylori is able to survive the acidic conditions of the stomach by producing

the enzyme

(a) Amylase (c) Coagulase

(b) Urease (d) Lactase