1.L.Y. is a healthy 13-year-old who had all her wisdom teeth removed 6 hours ago and is experiencing significant pain. She has been prescribed acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief and is at home...

1.L.Y. is a healthy 13-year-old who had all her wisdom teeth removed 6 hours ago and is experiencing significant pain. She has been prescribed acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief and is at home recovering. Her mother wants her to rest and stop text messaging her friends about her dental surgery.

(1) How do acetaminophen and codeine act to reduce pain? What is a side effect of high levels of each drug? Why has the dentist prescribed only a limited supply of the medication?

(2) How does L.Y.’s text messaging behavior affect her perception of pain?

(3. Does L.Y. need to rest in bed quietly to reduce pain?

(4) L.Y. becomes increasingly irritated with her mother and tells her to “get off my case.” How does L.Y.’s stress affect pain perception?