1.Explain several reasons why shock tends to become progressively more serious.
2.Ms. J., aged 48 years, has essential hypertension, diagnosed 4 years ago. She has not been taking her medication during the past 6 months because she has been feeling fine. Now she has a new job and has been too busy to enjoy her usual swimming and golf. She has decided to have a checkup because she is feeling tired and dyspneic and has had several bouts of dizziness, blurred vision, and epistaxis (nosebleeds) lately. On examination, her blood pressure is found to be 190/120, some rales are present in the lungs, and the retinas of her eyes show some sclerosis and several arteriolar ruptures. The physician orders rest and medication to lower the blood pressure, as well as an appointment with a nutritionist and urinary tests to check kidney function.
1. Describe the pathophysiology of essential hypertension.
2. Explain the possible problems associated with the high diastolic pressure.
3. Explain the significance of the retinal changes.
4. The doctor suspects mild congestive heart failure. Explain how this can develop from hypertension.
5. Give two other possible signs of CHF.
6. List two medications that are helpful in treating hypertension and describe their actions.