19 of 50 The complex, abstract concepts that we cannot observe directly but that we study in psychology are: O manipulations. variables. main effects. O constructs. 20 of 50 Using the amount of class...

Extracted text: 19 of 50 The complex, abstract concepts that we cannot observe directly but that we study in psychology are: O manipulations. variables. main effects. O constructs. 20 of 50 Using the amount of class participation as a definition of self-confidence is an example of an operational definition. O True O False 21 of 50 A group of psychologists studying humor reaction studied participants' enjoyment of jokes by recording how many times the participants grinned, smiled, and laughed. These measurements of grinning, smiling, and laughing to represent enjoyment involve: manipulated variables. main effects of humor enjoyment. O logistic analysis. an operational definition of laughter.


Extracted text: 22 of 50 A ratio scale has an arbitrary zero point. O True False 23 of 50 What additional information is obtained by measuring on an ordinal scale compared to a nominal scale? whether the measurements are the same or different the direction of the differences the size of the differences O none of the these 24 of 50 Construct validity refers to how well: O your operational definitions relate to the underlying concepts you are trying to measure. your measurements agree with the measurements of others. your statistical tests help you answer your research questions. your measurements correlate with one another.