164 Chapter 14 Homologous Chromosomes The word homologous means "the same," and the term homologous chromosomes refers to the pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell that carry genes for the same...

Extracted text: 164 Chapter 14 Homologous Chromosomes The word homologous means "the same," and the term homologous chromosomes refers to the pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell that carry genes for the same traits. We will discuss more details about cell division in the following Exercises, but for now, keep this note in mind: Each chromosome of a homologous pair comes from a different parent. Humans are diploid and have 46 chromosomes (two sets of 23). This means that we have 23 homologous pairs. Although both chromosomes of a particular homologous pair carry the same genes, these genes may be slightly different forms. For example, one might be the "blue eye" form, and the other might be the "brown eye" form. (More about that later.) Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromsomes. 1. Pretend that the fingers of both of your hands are chromosomes. Hold up both your hands. ? QUESTION a. How many individual fingers (chromosomes) do you have? b. How many homologous pairs are there? c. How many sets of fingers do you have? d. How many homologous pairs are in one set of fingers? 2. Pretend that the numbers in the circle are chromosomes. a. How many individual numbers are there?. 6 4. 4 1 b. How many homologous pairs of numbers are there? 3 2 3 c. How many sets of numbers are there? d. How many homologous pairs are in one set of numbers? 7 1 6 3. Pretend that all the lines within the circle are chromosomes. a. How many individual lines are there? b. How many homologous pairs of lines are there? c. How many sets of lines are there? d. How many homologous pairs of lines are in one set? Answers: 0=p C=2 c%3D2 b%3D5 b=4 a=8 a=14 a310 %233 # 2 #1 4. Explain in simple terms what homologous chromosomes are.