16 of 50 If a research study reveals a difference between two groups that seems to be due to the independent variable but, in reality, the difference was due to some other variable that the...

Extracted text: 16 of 50 If a research study reveals a difference between two groups that seems to be due to the independent variable but, in reality, the difference was due to some other variable that the experimenter didn't know about, there is a problem with: an extraneous variable. demand characteristics. O the Hawthorne effect. the covariance rule. 17 of 50 Studies with nonhuman animals in operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment led to the use of Token Economies in psychiatric hospitals in which patients were reinforced for appropriate behavior. The fact that animal research could be used with humans reveals that the research shows high levels of: O internal validity. external validity. construct validity. O convergent validity. 18 of 50 An example of a physiological measure would be: O neuroticism mood heart rate extraversion


Extracted text: 13 of 50 A researcher wanted to know if attractive people are more likely to receive help when in need, compared to unattractive people. If the investigator randomly assigned participants to groups that involved an attractive confederate versus an unattractive confederate, such a study would involve a variable. measured O manipulated task subject 14 of 50 Sometimes psychologists choose non-experimental methods in their research because: experimental approaches have been criticized as involving too much control over variables. psychologists are seldom concerned with issues of cause and effect in behavior. non-experimental research shows higher levels of internal validity. O the experimental approach may involve a problem with ethics. 15 of 50 The research approach that involves changing the level, intensity, frequency, or duration of an independent variable is: correlational. observational. O experimental. validational. indonendent yariable but, in reality, the difference was due to some other variable that the experimenter didn't know about, there is a