14.44 The Consumer Behavior Report is designed to provide insight into online shopping trends.9 A recent report asked the question, “In the past three months, how has the current state of the economy...

14.44 The Consumer Behavior Report is designed to provide insight into online shopping trends.9 A recent report asked the question, “In the past three months, how has the current state of the economy impacted your money spending on online purchasing?’’ Here are the results from 3156 online consumers:

(a) What proportion of individuals plan to reduce their spending in each gender?

(b) What is the odds ratio for comparing female individuals to male individuals?

(c) Write the logistic regression model for this problem using the log odds of reducing spending as the response variable and an indicator of gender as the explanatory variable.

(d) Software gives the estimated slope b1 5 0.4988 and its standard error SEb1 5 0.0729. Transform this result to the odds scale and compare it with your answer in part (b).

(e) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio and write a short conclusion.