139) Goods start out as ________ and, as they move through the supply chain, are transformed into intermediate products, and finally, into finished products.
140) Nike's contract suppliers do not ________ runners from scratch.
141) The ________ portion of the supply chain includes the company's suppliers, the suppliers' suppliers, and the processes for managing relationships with them.
142) The ________ portion of the supply chain consists of the organizations and processes for distributing and delivering products to the final customers.
143) ________ in the supply chain, such as parts shortages, underutilized plant capacity, excessive finished goods inventory, or high transportation costs, are caused by inaccurate or untimely information.
144) One recurring problem in supply chain management is the ________, in which information about the demand for a product gets distorted as it passes from one entity to the next across the supply chain.
145) The bullwhip is tamed by reducing uncertainties about demand and supply when all members of the supply chain have accurate and ________ information.
146) Supply chain management systems provide the kind of information that helps members of the supply chain make better ________ and scheduling decisions.
147) Inaccurate information can cause minor fluctuations in demand for a product to be ________ as one moves further back in the supply chain.
148) Minor fluctuations in retail sales for a product can create ________ inventory for distributors, manufacturers, and suppliers.