(1.1) What variables or data were collected or measured on the finches, by the Grants? (2.1) Darwin raised and studied varieties of pigeons at his home in Downe. The differences among these varieties...

Please answer only 4.1 please I beg you to just answer that one.

Extracted text: (1.1) What variables or data were collected or measured on the finches, by the Grants? (2.1) Darwin raised and studied varieties of pigeons at his home in Downe. The differences among these varieties played a central role in his thinking about the stability of species. Explain (2.2) There are 13 different types of species of finches, all with different beak types on the islands. Why is there such a diversity of similar organisms? (3.3) lan Abbott was "bitten" by a barnacle under remarkable circumstances. How did that happen? (4.1) The theologian William Paley saw living things as being perfectly suited, by their Creator, for a particular lifestyle. Darwin had studied Paley's idea and applied it to the particular traits of creatures. If there is an ideal form yet species vary, then many, perhaps most, are less than perfectly suited to their environment. What did Darwin do with this seeming paradox? (4.2) David Lack discovered that birds with very similar beaks never occur together on one island. What general conclusions came out of this observation?