11) The multinational strategy concentrates financial management and control out of a central home base while centralizing production, sales, and marketing operations to units in other countries.
12) Franchisers are a mix, the product is created, designed, financed, and initially produced in the home country, but for product-specific reasons, must rely heavily on foreign personnel for further production, marketing, and human resources.
13) Transnational firms take the globe, not the home country, as their management frame of reference.
14) Few companies have actually attained transnational status, but Nestlé, Citicorp, Sony, Ford, and others are attempting this transition.
15) Centralized systems
are those in which systems development and operation occur totally at the domestic home base.
16) Duplicated systems are those in which development occurs at the home base but operations are handed over to autonomous units in foreign locations.
17) Decentralized systems are those in which each foreign unit designs its own unique solutions and systems.
18) Networked systems are those in which systems development and operations occur in an integrated and coordinated fashion across all units.
19) Franchisers develop a multiple systems usually at the home base and then replicate it around the world.
20) Core systems are systems that support functions that are absolutely critical to the organization.