11.____ occur when raters provide ratings that are unduly high.
a.Severity errors
b.Leniency errors
c.Central tendency errors
d.Halo effect
12.____ occur when raters provide ratings that are unduly low.
a.Central tendency errors
b.Leniency errors
c.Severity errors
d.Halo effect
13.____ occur when appraisers purposely avoid giving extreme ratings even when such ratings are warranted.
a.Severity errors
b.Central tendency errors
c.Leniency errors
d.Halo effect
14.What type of errors occur when an appraiser avoids giving any ones and fives on a five-point scale leading to difficulties in discerning the best and worst performers?
a.Halo effect
b.Leniency errors
c.Central tendency errors
d.Severity errors
15.____ errors occur when the end points of a rating scale are unrealistically defined.
a.Central tendency
b.Leniency
c.Halo effect
d.Severity
16.A ____ occurs when an appraiser’s overall impression of an employee
is based on a particular characteristic.
a.central tendency error
b.severity error
c.leniency error
d.halo effect
17.____ acts as a barrier to accurate appraisals because those guilty of it fail to identify specific strengths and weaknesses of their employees.
a.Central tendency
b.Preferential treatment
c.Halo effect
d.Leniency
18.When a rater’s rating of an employee’s performance is based on the rater’s estimation of how different types of people behave in certain situations, the rater is using the:
a.central tendency theory.
b.genius theory.
c.implicit personality theory.
d.halo effect theory.
19.If an appraiser classifies an employee as a conscientious person based on the observation that the individual comes to work early, and due to this classification decides that the employee will pay close attention to detail, the rater is relying on the:
a.behavior motivation model.
b.behavior consistency model.
c.implicit personality theory.
d.implicit behavior theory.
20.Ratings that are heavily influenced by recent events may be subject to:
a.the halo effect.
b.recency errors.
c.severity errors.
d.implicit personality theory.