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1 WT3 and Essay Question FAE 2022 AUT General instructions This set of instructions and resources is for the WT3 and Final Essay. You can submit either task before the due date. You can use the WT3 as the ‘draft’ for the Essay; but we expect you to learn from the marking and feedback we supply for the WT3 in order to improve the Essay, and we will mark the Essay with this expectation. Both the WT3 and the Essay are marked according to the Learning Guide (LG) criteria. Any student with SC or an AIP can have a confidential discussion with Adrian Hale for an extension or variation. We are giving you several weeks to work on each assessment task, so we will be stricter on approving extensions if the request is only a few days before the due date. Any student unable to complete the Essay can submit the WT3 (or draft) as the Essay for a reduced mark. The General Topic for the WT3 and Essay: Language and Power. The Specific Question for the WT3 and Essay: When we communicate with language, we are not just using ‘words’ - we are also performing a social action. Discuss. These are the sub-topics: o Racism o Misogyny/Sexism o Political Correctness o Swearing o Homophobia (or any phobia relating to the LGBQT+ community) o The Aesthetic Alibi (and/or) Satire o Linguicism o English as a Global Language o Standard English Specific instructions for The WT3: The WT3 word limit is 700-800 words, not including the reference list and question. It is due at midnight Friday, 6th May 2022 (week 9). Discuss in relation to: • one of the sub-topics, • 2 academic texts supplied for that sub-topic, 2 • 2 additional academic texts that you have researched, • 1 media text (from 2022) that you have researched. Specific instructions for The Essay: The Essay is 1000-1100 words, not including the question and reference list. It is due at midnight Friday, 10th June 2022 (week 14). Discuss in relation to: • one of the sub-topics, • 2 academic texts supplied for that sub-topic, • 4 additional academic texts that you have researched, • 1 media text (from 2022) that you have researched. Additional information and ideas: Apply the media article as a case study which relates to the topic, question and sub-topic. All of the academic and media texts must be used in the WT3 and Essay explicitly (marks are deducted on a proportionate basis for not finding your own texts or not using them in your response). Quoted material is considered as part of the Essay. The lecture pods/notes and the textbook supply plenty of information on all of these topics, along with structural-argumentation tips. Submission is via the Turnitin links on vUWS. These ideas should appear in your WT3 and Essay. • Language use. • Power. Control. • Social issues such as mobility, economic opportunity, marginalisation. • Social attitudes. The Sub-topics and some suggested texts: 3 Racism Berman, P. (Ed.). (2011). Debating PC: The controversy over political correctness on college campuses. Delta. Fairclough, N. (2003). ‘Political correctness’: The politics of culture and language. Discourse & society, 14(1), 17-28. Norton, M. I., Sommers, S. R., Apfelbaum, E. P., Pura, N., & Ariely, D. (2006). Color blindness and interracial interaction playing the political correctness game. Psychological Science, 17(11), 949-953. Rahman, J. (2012). The N word: Its history and use in the African American community. Journal of English linguistics, 40(2), 137-171. Sommers, S. R., & Norton, M. I. (2006). Lay theories about White racists: What constitutes racism (and what doesn't). Group processes & intergroup relations, 9(1), 117-138. Valentine, J. (1998). Naming the other: Power, politeness and the inflation of euphemisms. Sociological research online 3/4. Retrieved from http://socresonline.org.uk/3/4/7.html Misogyny and Sexism Fasoli, F., Carnaghi, A., & Paladino, M. P. (2015). Social acceptability of sexist derogatory and sexist objectifying slurs across contexts. Language Sciences, 52, 98-107. Gastil, J. (1990). Generic pronouns and sexist language: The oxymoronic character of masculine generics. Sex roles, 23(11-12), 629-643. Kleinman, S. (2002). Why sexist language matters. Qualitative Sociology, 25(2), 299-304. McConnell, A. R., & Fazio, R. H. (1996). Women as men and people: Effects of gender- marked language. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(10), 1004-1013. Mills, S. (2008). Language and sexism. Cambridge University Press. http://socresonline.org.uk/3/4/7.html 4 Parks, J. B., & Roberton, M. A. (2004). Attitudes toward women mediate the gender effect on attitudes toward sexist language. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(3), 233-239. Swim, J. K., & Cohen, L. L. (1997). Overt, covert, and subtle sexism: A Comparison between the attitudes toward women and modern sexism scales. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 103-118. Swim, J. K., Mallette, R. & Stangor, C. (2004). Understanding subtle sexism: Detection and use of sexist language. Sex Roles, 51(3/4), 117-128. Political Correctness Ahluwalia, P., & McCarthy, G. (1998). ‘Political Correctness’: Pauline Hanson and the construction of Australian identity. Australian journal of public administration, 57(3), 79-85. Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge University Press. Flowerdew, J. (2014). Academic discourse. Routledge. Halmari, H. (2011). Political correctness, euphemism, and language change: The case of ‘people first’. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(3), 828-840. Loury, G. C. (1994). Self-censorship in public discourse: A theory of “Political Correctness” and related phenomena. Rationality and Society, 6(4), 428-461. Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (2002). Authority in language: Investigating Standard English (4th Edn.). Routledge. Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English Language. Retrieved from: http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit Poole, S. (2006). Unspeak: How words become weapons, how weapons become a message, and how that message becomes reality. Little Brown. http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit 5 Sparrow, R. (2002). Talking sense about political correctness. Journal of Australian Studies, 26(73), 119-131. Swearing Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge University Press. Fish, S. E. (1994). There's no such thing as free speech: And it's a good thing, too. Oxford University Press. Halmari, H. (2011) Political correctness, euphemism, and language change: The case of ‘people first’. Journal of Pragmatics, 43, 828–840. Hughes, G. (2010). Political Correctness: A History of semantics and culture. Wiley- Blackwell. Jay, T. (2009). Do offensive words harm people? Psychology, public policy, and law, 15(2), 81-101. Kaye, B. K., & Sapolsky, B. S. (2001). Offensive language in prime time television: Before and after content ratings. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 303- 319. Waldron, J. (2012). The harm in hate speech. Harvard University Press. White, R. (2002). Indigenous young Australians, criminal justice and offensive language. Journal of Youth Studies, 5(1), 21-34. Homophobia Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of women quarterly, 21(2), 173-206. 6 Hughes, G. (1998). Swearing: A social history of foul language, oaths and profanity in English. Penguin. Hyde, C. A., & Ruth, B. J. (2002). Multicultural content and class participation: Do students self-censor? Journal of Social Work Education, 38(2), 241-256. Korobov, N. (2004). Inoculating against prejudice: A discursive approach to homophobia and sexism in adolescent male talk. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 178-189. Poteat, V. P., O'Dwyer, L. M., & Mereish, E. H. (2012). Changes in how students use and are called homophobic epithets over time: Patterns predicted by gender, bullying, and victimization status. Journal of educational psychology, 104(2), 393. Sparrow, R. (2002). Talking sense about political correctness. Journal of Australian Studies, 26(73), 119-131. Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health education research, 15(1), 97-107. The Aesthetic Alibi (and/or) Satire Carey, J. W. (1992). Political correctness and cultural studies. Journal of Communication, 42(2), 56-72. Gring-Pemble, L., & Watson, M. S. (2003). The rhetorical limits of satire: An analysis of James Finn Garner's politically correct bedtime stories. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 89(2), 132-153. Jay, M. (1992). The aesthetic alibi. Salmagundi, 93, 13-25. Lewis, P. (1997). Humor and political correctness. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 10, 453-513. 7 Lockyer, S. & Pickering, M. (Eds.). (2009). Beyond a joke: The limits of humour. Palgrave Macmillan. Roe, A. (2006). Television satire, democracy and the decay of public language: John Clarke's verbal caricature. Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy, 121(1), 93-104. Saper, B. (1995). Joking in the context of political correctness. Humor: The International Journal of Humor Research