1. What is meant by the “scope” of a variable? 2. What is the difference between a function and a fruitful function? 3. Why do many programming languages implement I/O operations as if they were calls...

1.
What is meant by the “scope” of a variable?

2.
What is the difference between a function and a fruitful function?

3.
Why do many programming languages implement I/O operations as if they were calls to functions?

4.
What is the difference between a formal parameter and an actual parameter?

5.
What is the difference between a function that passes parameters using call by reference and a function that uses call by value?