1. The embodied energy of primary aluminum is approximately 210 MJ/kg. If the global efficiency of primary aluminum use could be improved by just 1%, how much energy would be saved per year? Use the annual production figure in the data sheet for aluminum in Chapter 15 to find out.
2. Redesign of an existing automobile allows a reduction of 3% in the total mass of steel, 490 kg, used for the body, and improvements in corrosion protection and warranty are expected to extend its average useful life from 250,000 km to 275,000 km. How would you estimate the gain in material efficiency of use of steel in the vehicle?
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