1. The author speaks of two approaches taken by sculptors working in an abstract style between the...

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1.   The author speaks of two approaches taken by sculptors working in an abstract style between the wars:  biomorphism and purist geometric and architectural forms.  Explain what these two are and discuss one work produced in each style.  (p. 234-37)2.   Read the following definition of constructivism:Constructivism or constructivism - A modern art movement developed in 1917 by the Russian sculptor Vladimir Tatlin (1880-1938). The aim was to construct abstract sculpture suitable for an industrialized society, and the work pioneered the use of modern technology and materials such as wood, glass, plastics and steel. Constructivism was introduced to Western Europe by Antoine Pevsner in Paris, and his brother Naum Gabo in Germany. The principles of Constructivism were highly influential in twentieth century Western art, although for political reasons its influence in Russia ended by 1921.How does the work of Naum Gabo and Antoine Pevsner relate to the aims of   constructivism?  (p. 235)3.   What elements and influences are at work in Henry Moore’s sculptures? (p. 238)4.  The author quotes Henry Moore:  “Because a work does not aim at reproducing  natural appearances it is not, therefore, an escape from life---but may be a penetration into reality....”    Explain.5.  What elements and influences are at work in the sculpture of Barbara Hepworth? (pp. 239-40)6.  What contribution did El Lissitzky make to constructivism? (p. 243)7.  What contributions did the Bauhaus make to modern art?  (pp. 241-44)8.  Why is Josef Albers the “father of the postwar Op Art movement?” (p. 244)9.  In what way is Moholy-Nagy’s Light-Space Modulator significant? (p. 245)10. Read the Moholy-Nagy quote on p. 246 (col. 1, par. 2).  What is he saying in this quote about how modern art is/will be made?  (p. 246)1.    Discuss the importance of Alfred Steigliz’s Gallery 291, how it contributed to the American art scene of the early 20th century, and some of the famous artists the gallery featured.2.    What was the 1913 Armory Show?  Why was it important to the American art scene of the early 20th century?  How was the show received by critics, newspapers, and art patrons?3.   What was the Synchronism movement?4.   Note one contribution to modern art made by each of the following:  Georgia O’Keefe, Marsden Harley, Joseph Stella, and Morgan Russell.5.   What theme(s) dominate the work of Edward Hopper?6.   Who were the artists of the Mexican Renaissance?  7.   What is photojournalism and why did it come to prominence in the 1930’s?  8.   Describe the theme(s) of Frida Kahlo.9.   What contribution did Alexander Calder make to sculpture?  What are mobiles?  What are stabiles?10. What was Stuart Davis’ response to the 1913 Armory Show?  How did that response influence his work?  How did he influence the work of other artists?

Shreyashi · Accepted Answer

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Title: Art and sculpture.
1. Biomorphism mainly focusses on the patterns or shapes that occur in nature and in the living organisms that are found around us. Example of biomorphism is the painting of Roberto Matta.
                Purist geometrical and architectural forms are mainly pure forms of geometry with ideas on space, sequence and light. Example is the Liege Guillemins Station in Belgium.
2. Naom Gabo wounded skeins of plastic thread about the frameworks that were made up of plastic thread. These frameworks had a few planes that were placed in reverse to each other.
                           Antoine Pevsner used metals in his works like bronze. These metals reflected the light instead of transmitting it. Hence the surface could get some attention of light this way.
3. Henry Moore was influenced by the styles and patterns of the old masters. Also, the ancient forms of art in Egypt, the works of sculptures from Cyclades, Sumeria and Mexico influenced his works.
4. Henry Moore here means that the works of art do not always end up producing the actual or the original. But this cannot always mean that this is an escape from reality. It may also mean that this is to delve into deeper worth of nature and life and objects.
5. Barbara Hepworth was a sculptor. She laid her works in a period when females were not much into this field. She connected her sculptures with abstraction. Her sculptures had a connection with the larger spaces that surrounded those.
6. Lissitzky used to relate the subject of mathematics to art. He made a comparison of the modern mathematics and modern art by portraying their relationship and how they detach themselves from the concrete.
7. Bauhaus merged the crafts and fine arts together.

1. The author speaks of two approaches taken by sculptors working in an abstract style between the wars: biomorphism and purist geometric and architectural forms. Explain what these two are and...

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