(1) Prepare a crosstabulation of the data on Cylinders (rows) and City MPG (columns). Use
classes of 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, …, 35-39 for City MPG. [Hint: While grouping, use “starting at
5”, “ending at 39”, and “by 5”.]
(2) Develop a scatter diagram of the data on Cylinders and City MPG. Use the vertical axis for
City MPG.
(3)Insert a linear trendline into your scatter diagram.
(4) Compute the sample covariance for Cylinders and City MPG. [HINT: Use =COVARIANCE.S
function in Excel; see pp. 140-141 in the textbook.]
(5) Compute the sample correlation coefficient.
(6) Comment on the relationship between Cylinders and City MPG you observe in the tabular
summary of the data in (1), in the graphical summary in (2) and (3), and by using the
numerical measures of association in (4) and (5). Carefully interpret the covariance and
correlation coefficient.
Use EXCEL to construct tables and graphs. Remember that each table (graph) should have a
succinct but informative title, and the table columns (graph axes) should be appropriately
labeled.
Your analysis/comments should be brief (up to 10 sentences).
The assignment will be evaluated based upon the following criteria:
- correct numerical results;
- visual and esthetical impression of your tables and graphs;
- reasonable conclusions derived from the examination of the available evidence.
Car | Size | Displacement | Cylinders | Drive | Fuel Type | City MPG | Hwy MPG |
1 | Compact | 3.1 | 6 | 4 | P | 15 | 25 |
2 | Compact | 3.1 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
3 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
4 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 25 |
5 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
6 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
7 | Compact | 2.4 | 4 | F | P | 20 | 25 |
8 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 22 | 25 |
9 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
10 | Compact | 2.4 | 4 | F | P | 18 | 24 |
11 | Compact | 2.8 | 6 | F | P | 15 | 24 |
12 | Compact | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | P | 17 | 24 |
13 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 24 |
14 | Compact | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | P | 18 | 24 |
15 | Compact | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 19 | 24 |
16 | Compact | 5.3 | 8 | F | P | 16 | 24 |
17 | Compact | 6 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 24 |
18 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 24 |
19 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 24 |
20 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 24 |
21 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 24 |
22 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 24 |
23 | Compact | 3.8 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 24 |
24 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 24 |
25 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 24 |
26 | Compact | 5.3 | 8 | F | P | 16 | 24 |
27 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 24 |
28 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 24 |
29 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 24 |
30 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | P | 17 | 24 |
31 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 24 |
32 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 24 |
33 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 24 |
34 | Compact | 3.6 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 24 |
35 | Compact | 3.2 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 24 |
36 | Compact | 3.2 | 6 | F | P | 16 | 24 |
37 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 15 | 24 |
38 | Compact | 2.4 | 4 | 4 | R | 21 | 24 |
39 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 15 | 24 |
40 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 24 |
41 | Compact | 3.2 | 6 | 4 | P | 18 | 23 |
42 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 16 | 23 |
43 | Compact | 4.8 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 23 |
44 | Compact | 4.8 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 23 |
45 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 16 | 23 |
46 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 15 | 23 |
47 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 15 | 23 |
48 | Compact | 5.7 | 8 | R | R | 15 | 23 |
49 | Compact | 5.7 | 8 | R | R | 15 | 23 |
50 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | R | 15 | 23 |
51 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | R | R | 15 | 23 |
52 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 16 | 23 |
53 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 16 | 23 |
54 | Compact | 4.8 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 23 |
55 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 23 |
56 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 15 | 23 |
57 | Compact | 4.4 | 8 | 4 | P | 15 | 23 |
58 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 22 |
59 | Compact | 3.9 | 6 | F | R | 15 | 22 |
60 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 22 |
61 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 22 |
62 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 22 |
63 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 15 | 22 |
64 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 15 | 22 |
65 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 15 | 22 |
66 | Compact | 5.7 | 8 | 4 | R | 15 | 22 |
67 | Compact | 5.7 | 8 | 4 | R | 15 | 22 |
68 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | R | 15 | 22 |
69 | Compact | 4.8 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 22 |
70 | Compact | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 22 |
71 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 22 |
72 | Compact | 5 | 8 | 4 | P | 20 | 22 |
73 | Compact | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 22 |
74 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | R | P | 15 | 22 |
75 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 14 | 21 |
76 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | R | P | 14 | 21 |
77 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | R | P | 14 | 21 |
78 | Compact | 4.5 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 21 |
79 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | R | P | 14 | 21 |
80 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | 4 | P | 14 | 21 |
81 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 13 | 20 |
82 | Compact | 4.2 | 8 | 4 | P | 13 | 20 |
83 | Compact | 6 | 12 | R | P | 13 | 20 |
84 | Compact | 4.5 | 8 | 4 | P | 14 | 20 |
85 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | 4 | P | 14 | 20 |
86 | Compact | 6 | 12 | 4 | P | 13 | 19 |
87 | Compact | 5.2 | 10 | 4 | P | 13 | 19 |
88 | Compact | 5.2 | 10 | 4 | P | 14 | 19 |
89 | Compact | 4.4 | 8 | R | P | 13 | 19 |
90 | Compact | 5.5 | 8 | 4 | P | 13 | 19 |
91 | Compact | 6.2 | 8 | R | P | 12 | 19 |
92 | Compact | 6.2 | 8 | R | P | 11 | 18 |
93 | Compact | 6.2 | 8 | R | P | 12 | 18 |
94 | Compact | 6.1 | 8 | R | P | 13 | 18 |
95 | Compact | 6.1 | 8 | R | P | 13 | 18 |
96 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 13 | 18 |
97 | Compact | 4.6 | 8 | F | R | 13 | 18 |
98 | Compact | 6.1 | 8 | R | P | 13 | 18 |
99 | Compact | 5.5 | 12 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
100 | Compact | 5.5 | 12 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
101 | Compact | 6.2 | 8 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
102 | Compact | 6 | 12 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
103 | Compact | 5.5 | 12 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
104 | Compact | 5 | 10 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
105 | Compact | 5 | 10 | R | P | 11 | 17 |
106 | Compact | 5.5 | 12 | R | P | 10 | 16 |
107 | Compact | 6 | 12 | R | P | 10 | 16 |
108 | Compact | 5.5 | 12 | R | P | 10 | 16 |
109 | Compact | 6 | 12 | R | P | 10 | 16 |
110 | Compact | 5.7 | 12 | R | P | 9 | 16 |
111 | Compact | 5.7 | 12 | R | P | 10 | 15 |
112 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 28 | 37 |
113 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 35 |
114 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 25 | 35 |
115 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 26 | 35 |
116 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 34 |
117 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 33 | 34 |
118 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 33 |
119 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 33 |
120 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 25 | 33 |
121 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 33 |
122 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 27 | 33 |
123 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | F | R | 35 | 33 |
124 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 25 | 33 |
125 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 32 |
126 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 27 | 32 |
127 | Midsize | 1.6 | 4 | F | R | 27 | 32 |
128 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 32 |
129 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 32 |
130 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 32 |
131 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 32 |
132 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 32 |
133 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 32 |
134 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 20 | 31 |
135 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 31 |
136 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 31 |
137 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 31 |
138 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 31 |
139 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
140 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
141 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 31 |
142 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
143 | Midsize | 2.2 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
144 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
145 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
146 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 31 |
147 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 26 | 31 |
148 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 31 |
149 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
150 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 31 |
151 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 21 | 30 |
152 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 30 |
153 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 30 |
154 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 30 |
155 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 30 |
156 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 30 |
157 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 30 |
158 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 30 |
159 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 30 |
160 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 30 |
161 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 30 |
162 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 19 | 29 |
163 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 21 | 29 |
164 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 21 | 29 |
165 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 22 | 29 |
166 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 22 | 29 |
167 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 29 |
168 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 29 |
169 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 22 | 29 |
170 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 29 |
171 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 29 |
172 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | R | 21 | 29 |
173 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | R | 22 | 29 |
174 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | R | 21 | 29 |
175 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | R | 21 | 29 |
176 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 29 |
177 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 29 |
178 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 29 |
179 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | F | P | 21 | 29 |
180 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 21 | 29 |
181 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 29 |
182 | Midsize | 1.8 | 4 | F | R | 24 | 29 |
183 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 29 |
184 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 29 |
185 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 29 |
186 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 29 |
187 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 29 |
188 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | P | 19 | 28 |
189 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | P | 20 | 28 |
190 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | 4 | P | 20 | 28 |
191 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | R | P | 18 | 28 |
192 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | R | P | 19 | 28 |
193 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 28 |
194 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 28 |
195 | Midsize | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 20 | 28 |
196 | Midsize | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 20 | 28 |
197 | Midsize | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 20 | 28 |
198 | Midsize | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 20 | 28 |
199 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
200 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 28 |
201 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
202 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
203 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 28 |
204 | Midsize | 3.9 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
205 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
206 | Midsize | 3.3 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
207 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
208 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
209 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | R | P | 18 | 28 |
210 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | P | 18 | 28 |
211 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | P | 19 | 28 |
212 | Midsize | 3.8 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 28 |
213 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
214 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 28 |
215 | Midsize | 2.7 | 6 | F | R | 20 | 28 |
216 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 28 |
217 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
218 | Midsize | 2.3 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 28 |
219 | Midsize | 3.8 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 28 |
220 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 28 |
221 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | 4 | P | 19 | 27 |
222 | Midsize | 3.1 | 6 | F | P | 18 | 27 |
223 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
224 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
225 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
226 | Midsize | 2.5 | 5 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
227 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | R | 20 | 27 |
228 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | R | 20 | 27 |
229 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | R | 20 | 27 |
230 | Midsize | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | R | 20 | 27 |
231 | Midsize | 3.3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 27 |
232 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 18 | 27 |
233 | Midsize | 3.1 | 6 | F | P | 18 | 27 |
234 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | R | P | 18 | 27 |
235 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
236 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 19 | 27 |
237 | Midsize | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 19 | 27 |
238 | Midsize | 2.7 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 27 |
239 | Midsize | 2.7 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 27 |
240 | Midsize | 2.7 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 27 |
241 | Midsize | 2 | 4 | F | R | 23 | 27 |
242 | Midsize | 2.7 | 6 | F | R | 19 | 27 |
243 | Midsize | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 20 | 27 |
244 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 26 |
245 | Midsize | 3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 26 |
246 | Midsize | 3.6 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 26 |
247 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 26 |
248 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 26 |
249 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 18 | 26 |
250 | Large | 2 | 4 | F | P | 19 | 26 |
251 | Large | 2.8 | 6 | F | P | 16 | 26 |
252 | Large | 2.5 | 5 | 4 | P | 18 | 26 |
253 | Large | 2.5 | 5 | 4 | P | 18 | 26 |
254 | Large | 2.5 | 5 | 4 | P | 17 | 26 |
255 | Large | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 18 | 26 |
256 | Large | 2.4 | 5 | F | P | 18 | 26 |
257 | Large | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 26 |
258 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 26 |
259 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 26 |
260 | Large | 3.3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 26 |
261 | Large | 2.7 | 6 | R | R | 18 | 26 |
262 | Large | 2.7 | 6 | R | R | 18 | 26 |
263 | Large | 3.8 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 26 |
264 | Large | 3.3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 26 |
265 | Large | 3.2 | 6 | F | P | 18 | 26 |
266 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 17 | 26 |
267 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 26 |
268 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 26 |
269 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 26 |
270 | Large | 2.3 | 4 | F | P | 18 | 26 |
271 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 19 | 26 |
272 | Large | 2.3 | 4 | F | P | 17 | 26 |
273 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | F | P | 17 | 26 |
274 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 26 |
275 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 26 |
276 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | R | R | 18 | 26 |
277 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 26 |
278 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | R | R | 17 | 26 |
279 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 26 |
280 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 16 | 26 |
281 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 16 | 26 |
282 | Large | 3 | 6 | R | P | 18 | 25 |
283 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 25 |
284 | Large | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | P | 20 | 25 |
285 | Large | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | P | 19 | 25 |
286 | Large | 2.5 | 4 | 4 | P | 19 | 25 |
287 | Large | 2.5 | 5 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
288 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 25 |
289 | Large | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 25 |
290 | Large | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 25 |
291 | Large | 4.2 | 8 | R | P | 16 | 25 |
292 | Large | 3.8 | 6 | F | R | 16 | 25 |
293 | Large | 3.1 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
294 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
295 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
296 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 16 | 25 |
297 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | P | 17 | 25 |
298 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | R | P | 17 | 25 |
299 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | 4 | P | 18 | 25 |
300 | Large | 3.8 | 6 | F | P | 17 | 25 |
301 | Large | 3.5 | 6 | F | P | 19 | 25 |
302 | Large | 5.3 | 8 | F | P | 16 | 25 |
303 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 25 |
304 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 25 |
305 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | R | R | 16 | 25 |
306 | Large | 3.6 | 6 | R | R | 16 | 25 |
307 | Large | 2.4 | 4 | F | R | 21 | 25 |
308 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 25 |
309 | Large | 3 | 6 | 4 | R | 17 | 25 |
310 | Large | 3 | 6 | F | R | 17 | 25 |
311 | Large | 3 | 6 | F | R | 18 | 25 |