1. Pipelining is a well-known scheme to exploit instructional-level parallelism in executing machine programs. (a) Explain what pipelined execution actually means. (b) Compared with non-pipelined...

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Extracted text: 1. Pipelining is a well-known scheme to exploit instructional-level parallelism in executing machine programs. (a) Explain what pipelined execution actually means. (b) Compared with non-pipelined method, does pipelining make a single instruction run faster? In addition, does pipelining make a program run faster? Support your answers. (c) What typical pipeline stages do we have? (Use the stages that our reference textbook uses the most to answer this question. Make the stage names clear enough, or explain in detail, to show what each of these stages does. Be very careful not to leave out any necessary jobs in executing an instruction; that is, simply listing the stage names, especially the very simplified abbreviated stage names, will not be enough.) (d) To change a design from non-pipelined to pipelined, from the hardware or physical resource aspects, what costs must we pay? Be thorough, and support your answers well. (e) To use a pipeline to run a program well, from the software or system aspect, what costs must we pay? Again, be thorough, and support your answers well.