1. Order of Magnitude Problem (OM) The proven oil reserves of the Arctic National Wildlife Refugee ( ANWR up in Alaska) are estimated at 10.4 * 10^9 barrels ( 10 billion bbls). USA uses 20 * 10^6...

1. Order of Magnitude Problem (OM)

The proven oil reserves of the Arctic National Wildlife Refugee ( ANWR up in Alaska)

are estimated at 10.4 * 10^9 barrels ( 10 billion bbls).

USA uses 20 * 10^6 barrels of oileachday from all sources, 50%local and 50%imported.

a.
Assume that we are going to use this ANWR oil to replace
ONLY
theimported
oil for the United States. If we do use ANWR for this purpose, how long will the ANWR oil last? Assume that we use this oil at a
constant

rate
till it is all gone. No need to consider growth rate oranything, just how long will it last being used to replace the foreign oil completely each year.

Assume U.S. oil consumption is going to increase at 3% each year for problem B.

b.
What is the
doubling
time, in years,at that 3% growth rate?




c.
Start with today's US oil localproduction 10 * 10^6 barrels per day and importing 10 * 10^6 bbls from outside USA. We will be making less each year in US, about 3% less every year. We are going to use the Arctic (ANWR) oil to replace this decrease in USA production (just use it to replace the 3% less made every year). This means we can still spend money for outsideoil, but any additional needs for
USA production
is met by our ANWR reserves.

So if we made 100 bbls last year, we make 97 barrels this year (3% less) , and use the missing 3 barrels from ANWR. Year three we make 94.1 barrels and pull 5.9 from ANWR, and so on till ANWR runs out , remember it has 10.4 * 10^9 barrels (bbls).

Now how long will that ANWR oil last using it to make up for the oil slowly being depleted at home? You should figure we will hold our oil
consumption

at current rates, just use ANWR to replace the falling
US production
from all the other USA states.

1.0

2. A new power plant is proposed for the Great Plains, the details are very sketchy, but the press release says it will heat water to 400 degrees Centigrade, then convert it to electric power, then cool it off and return it to the heating plant at 150 degree Centigrade.

What is the
thermal efficiency
of the plant, not even knowing
HOW
they are heating /cooling or converting the energy.

1.0

3. One big historical use for wind power was water pumping. Estimate the power output for a typical large Dutch Windmill at 10 meters per second windspeed (see Chapter 1, Fig. 1.3). Easiest way would be to estimate the diameter of the unit ( use the best clues from the image ) , calculate the swept area, and assume some efficiency factor.

12.0 3 answers and the table ( 3 columns) Show the completed table to get full credit




4. Given the following hourly wind speeds (m/s), data taken at 10 meter height.
I used a spread sheet to calculate part a and b.

In this example, class
i
and wind speed
ARE
the same.

Table with input data and calculations from spread sheet.

a.
Calculate the mean wind speed for this distribution. You have got to figure the percent time f(i) at each wind speed (row) , and multiply by that wind speed then sum them allup to get the table average wind speed.


b.
Calculate the power/area using the
whole table distribution, not the average wind speed, don’t forget to include the air density, assume its near sea level so use rho = 1.2 kg/m^3.


c.
Estimate the
average
wind speed at a height of 60 meter based on this10 meter
data,

wind shear exponent, a = 0.25 . Use the simple wind shear formula without the z_opart.

2.0

5. What reasons are there for us to use the Rayleigh or Weibull distributions used to estimate wind power potential?

3.0



6. At high wind speeds a wind turbine has to control itself to maintain the output at a manageable level. List
three
different methods that a turbine can control its power output and briefly describe each.

3.0 looking for the answer , the formula and the rho value


7.Given the following:

Rotor Area = 300 sq. meters,
wind is blowing 8 meter/sec at the rotor level,
estimated efficiency or coefficient of performance is30%,
and its placed at Amarillo, Texas ( 1,000 meter above sea level),

a) What power output I can expect at these conditions??

Have to figure the total power hitting the rotor and then that times the efficiency to get the delivered power possible.

6.0 2 , 2 , 2

8. Bubba Wind is building a wind turbine, 140 m diameter, rated power at 6 Megawatts, on a 160 meter tower. They want to test it here in Canyon, Texas. What can we tell them without even looking at the machine based on this information? such as :

a.)
Estimate the annual energy production using the
generator size
method.


b.)
Estimate the annual energy production using the rotor swept area and the wind map (Class 4 wind is about 450 W/m^2 at 60 meter above ground) and our wind shear of 0.20 ( alpha )?
(450 W/m^2 at 60 meter is about what xxxx W/m^2 at 160 m ?)

c.The wind speed histogram for a month for this BIG MACHINE(at hub height) and the power curve (at hub height) are given. Both data sets are at the midpoint of the bin (row) .

Find the expected
monthly
energy output using this information?
Bin v hrs Power Energy

i m/s # kW kW- hr

1 1 20 0 ??
2 3 50 0 ??
3 5 130 425 ??
4 7 170 1795 ??

5 9 180 2780 ??

6 11 110 3250 ??

7 13 50 5450 ??

8 15 10 6000 ??

9 17 7 6000 ??

10 19 3 6000 ??

11 21 1 6000 ??


TOTAL
????


3.0

9. Wind turbines with induction generators essentially operate at constant rpm.
For a 2.0 Megawatt wind turbine, the blades spin at rpm = 18, when the wind speed is 13 m/s
with a rotor radius (overall blade length) of 45 m.


a.
How fast is the tip of the blade moving at these conditions ? velocity =omega * r,

rememberomega has to be in radians/second,
NOT RPM


b.
If the wind speed is 13 m/s to get this blade speed, what is the tip to wind speed ratio?


c.
What is the main shaft
torque
generated by that rotor at its rated power of 2.0 MW and shaft speed of 18 RPM?


1.0

10. What will be the topic for your final project/ power point?
You may select any topic you can think of or pick from this list, but try to select one to focus on.
Possibles are :

What is stopping off shore wind growth?

Why don't we have wind turbines on every farm?

What are the three most dangerous things that wind turbines bring to the energy mix?

All Wind power for USA : What would it really cost?
Wind data shows good winds everywhere; why aren't they building wind farms in Arkansas?
Coal is cheaper than wind -- True or False?
Long term benefits of wind compared to Natural Gas!!
What happens to the lights when the wind stops: Utility control of the grid what is it and will it work?
"If we store it the lights will work", figuring ways to capture and hold wind energy !!
or
any topic you can think of.