1 of 30Which one of the following statements regarding rock deformation and strength is correct?Brittle and ductile deformation occur when stresses exceed the elastic limit of a material.Rocks undergo...

1 of 30Which one of the following statements regarding rock deformation and strength is correct?Brittle and ductile deformation occur when stresses exceed the elastic limit of a material.Rocks undergo ductile deformation less readily as temperatures and pressures increase.Elastic deformation is accomplished through internal flow of material.When rocks are subjected to stress for long periods, very small, ductile deformations accumulate to produce large, permanent, elastic deformations.Question2 of 30A reverse fault is one in which _____.one block has moved up, while the other has moved horizontally.both blocks have moved horizontally away from each other.the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall.None of the aboveQuestion3 of 30Horizontally directed, compressive stress will result in ________ within a sequence of flat-lying sedimentary rocks.foldingmeltinghorsts and grabenshyperextensionQuestion4 of 30Which of the following is not true of an anticline?The limbs dip away from the axis.When eroded, the youngest rocks are exposed in the center.It will share a limb with an adjacent syncline.It forms as a response to compressive stress.Question5 of 30A circular outcrop pattern with the youngest rocks in the center is a _____.structural domeplunging anticlinestructural basinmonoclineQuestion6 of 30As faults move, they crush and pulverize the rocks on the opposing blocks. This ground up rock is called _____.fault grusslickensidesfault gougealluviumQuestion7 of 30The Black Hills of South Dakota are formed on _____.an eroded syncline with a core of sedimentary rocksa large horst eroded by Pleistocene glacial outwash streamsa topographic basin filled with thick sequences of coalan eroded structural dome with a core of crystalline rocksQuestion8 of 30Which of the following are not joints?Fractures formed by tensional stress and in which one side has moved up relative to the other.Cracks formed by shrinkage within a cooling lava flow.Fractures formed within a granite by expansion due to removal of overlying rocks.Sets of parallel fractures formed by flexure of the crustal rocks.Question9 of 30Which of the following would not be a characteristic of the San Andreas fault zone?sag pondsdeformed and broken bedrockoffset stream channelssteep, near vertical, dip-slip fault scarpsQuestion10 of 30The most common type of faulting associated with convergent boundaries is _____.normal faultingstrike-slip faultingthrust faultingelastic faultingQuestion11 of 30The point at which an earthquake originates is called the _____.focusepicentereyebreaking pointQuestion12 of 30Which of the following is correct?P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves will not propagate through solids.P waves travel only through liquids and S waves travel only through solids.P and S waves travel through solids, but P waves do not propagate through liquids.P waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not.Question13 of 30An earthquake occurs when _____.strain builds up and is released in elastic reboundfaults slip continually while under stressrocks at great depth exhibit ductile deformation under great pressuresediments liquefy under stressQuestion14 of 30A minimum of ____ seismic stations is necessary to locate the source of an earthquake.25310Question15 of 30The most damaging earthquakes _____.are deep focusresult from ductile deformationare shallow focusalong faults across the mid-ocean ridgesQuestion16 of 30Why was the Marina District, San Francisco, heavily damaged in the 1906 and 1989 quakes?Liquefaction and foundation failures were common.The epicenters of both quakes were right under the district.Shaking was no worse than elsewhere in the city, but the district burned following both quakes.The area is built on solid rock, which caused the seismic waves to be amplified.Question17 of 30On the Richter Scale, a magnitude 6 earthquake has ____ times more energy than a magnitude 5.101,000322Question18 of 30The _______ Intensity Scale is a measure of the damage and effects caused by an earthquake.MercalliRichterPasteurRalstonQuestion19 of 30Seismic gaps are _____.unusually quiet zones along known active faultssegments of active faults with creep rates of up to 2 cm per yearareas of no faulting, bounded by areas of faultinginactive faults associated with water gapsQuestion20 of 30Which of the following is not a possible effect of an earthquake?landslidesfirestsunamihydrolysisQuestion21 of 30The complete picture of the composition and layers of the Earth’s interior has been determined by _____.the exclusive study of rocks at the Earth’s surfacethe study of the behavior of seismic wavesdeep Earth drilling projectsthe study of distant proto-planetsQuestion22 of 30Seismic waves will ___________ when they encounter plastic material.speed uptravel straight pathsdisappearslow downQuestion23 of 30The thickest continental crust is foundunder mountain rangesin the center of the cratonsunder the deep oceanin areas of extensionQuestion24 of 30The inner core is ______; while the outer core is _______.liquid; solidnickel/iron; silica/calciumsolid; liquidcool; hotQuestion25 of 30The _______ of the Earth does not transmit S waves.outer mantleinner crustouter coredeep mantleQuestion26 of 30The _______ is the seismic discontinuity that forms the boundary between the crust and the mantle.Benioff zoneMoho”D” LayerMataQuestion27 of 30The _______ of the Earth did not exist early in Earth’s history.inner coreouter corecrustlower mantleQuestion28 of 30The upper mantle is probably the rock _________.peridotitegranitepegmatitegreenschistQuestion29 of 30The profile of Earth’s temperature with depth is the _____.conductivity curveMohorovicic Plasticity Scalehypothermal gradientgeothermal gradientQuestion30 of 30The Earth’s magnetic field originates by __________.weak electrical currents associated with hot, rising, mantle plumesmagnetic minerals grains in the inner coreweak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer coremagnetization of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmospheric ozone layer by solar radiation