1. In an object-oriented program, what does declaring an instance variable to be public or private indicate about data coupling? What would be the rationale behind a preference toward declaring...

1.
In an object-oriented program, what does declaring an instance variable to be public or private indicate about data coupling? What would be the rationale behind a preference toward declaring instance variables as private?

2.
Identify a problem involving data coupling that can occur in the context of parallel processing.

3.
Using a structure chart, represent the procedural structure of a simple inventory/accounting system for a small store (perhaps a privately owned curio shop in a resort community). What modules in your system must be modified because of changes in sales tax laws? What modules would need to be changed if the decision is made to maintain a record of past customers so that advertising can be mailed to them?