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Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to test a genetic hypothesis by crossing Drosophila and
studying two of its traits viz. Wing type and Eye colour. A chi square test has been used to
test the genetic hypothesis about the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation of female
Drosophila i.e. The expected ratio is 6:0:2:0. The Hypothesis was not rejected, so we may
conclude that the observed ratio was very close to the expected ration and hence the
genetic hypothesis was true.
Introduction
Genetics is the study of Heredity. Heredity is a Biological Process where a parent passes
certain genes onto their children or offspring. Genetics is the science of variation in living
organisms. Modern Genetics started with Gregor Johann Mendel, who studied the nature of
inheritance in plants. He established two basic laws: Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Law
of Independent Assortment.
Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, has been used for genetic experiments since
T.H. Morgan started hi experiments in 1907. Drosophila make good genetic specimens and
are popular for its use in studying genetics because of its small size, short life cycle,
fecundity i.e. a female may lay hundreds of fertilized eggs during her brief life span thus
making statistical analysis easy and reliable. Two characteristics viz. Wing type and eye
colour are being studied. In this practical, a wild type (normal wings) and a mutant type
(vestigial wing/ white eyed) are cross bred to study a genetic hypothesis about the
phenotypic ratio of the second filial generation of female Drosophila.
Results
Symbols used are as follows:
VG: allele for vestigial wing (recessive).
+vg: allele for normal wing (dominant).
: allele for normal (red) eyes (dominant).
: allele on the X-chromosome for white eyes (recessive).
Various Genotypes and Phenotypes in different generations are as follows:
GENOTYPES PHENOTYPES
P: ( Y +vg+vg) x VG VG) White males x vestigial females
F1: ( +vg+vg) x ( +vg+vg) White females x wild males
F2: ( VGVG) / ( +vgVG) / ( Y VGVG) /
( Y+vgVG) / ( Y +vgVG) / ( Y VGVG)
Vestigial females/ wild females/
wild males/ vestigial males/
white males/ white vestigial
males
Note: Class Results for F2 generation for Year 2011, 2012 and 2013 are given in Appendix
1.1.
Let us formulate our genetic hypothesis as follows:
H0: The ratio of observed frequencies of different phenotypes of female drosophila in F2
generation...