1. For the VoIP example in Section 9.3, we introduced an online procedure (exponential moving average) for estimating delay. In this problem we will examine an alternative procedure. Let t i be the...

1. For the VoIP example in Section 9.3, we introduced an online procedure (exponential moving average) for estimating delay. In this problem we will examine an alternative procedure. Let
t
_i
be the timestamp of the
ith packet received; let
r
_i
be the time at which the
ith packet is received. Let
d_n

be our estimate of average delay after receiving the
nth packet. After the first packet is received, we set the delay estimate equal to
d
₁
=
r
₁
-
t
₁.

a. Suppose that we would like
d_n

= (r
₁
-
t
₁
+
r
₂
-
t
₂
+
 +
r_n

-
t_n
)/n for all
n. Give a recursive formula for
d_n

in terms of
d<sub>n

-1</sub>,
r_n
, and
t_n
.

b. Describe why for Internet telephony, the delay estimate described in Section 9.3 is more appropriate than the delay estimate outlined in part (a).