1. Describe the difference between a single-blind and double-blind design. Explain when each of these designs should be used. 2. An instructor wants to measure the amount of learning for students in...

1. Describe the difference between a single-blind and double-blind design. Explain when each of these designs should be used.

2. An instructor wants to measure the amount of learning for students in his class. To measure learning, he gives subjects the final exam on the first day of class and then gives the same final exam at the end of the semester. Explain how testing effects could be a source of bias in this study.