1. Describe how participant reactivity can be a threat to external validity; that is, how can participant reactivity limit the ability to generalize research results? 2. Define extraneous variable and...

1. Describe how participant reactivity can be a threat to external validity; that is, how can participant reactivity limit the ability to generalize research results?

2. Define extraneous variable and confounding variable. Describe two methods used to prevent extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables.