Answer To: 1 BAO 3309 Advanced Financial Accounting Semester 2 2012 Individual assignment Assessment Weight:...
Robert answered on Dec 20 2021
Introduction
A sustainability report is a report prepared by an organization to give information regarding
their performance related to economic, social, environmental, and governance front, and at
the same time working towards the achievement of the goal of sustainable development. The
sustainability for an organization, which is its capacity to endure or to maintain itself, is
certainly based on how the organization performs in these aforementioned four important
areas. A sustainability report is prepared to report and disclose information relating to
sustainability in a manner which is similar to how financial reporting is done to report on the
financial performance of the organization. It includes information on both positive and
negative contributions of sustainability performance.
Purpose of Corporate Sustainability Reporting
The Global Reporting Initiative’s Sustainability Reporting Framework is so designed with an
intention to provide a framework for reporting, which is accepted generally, and relates to
the performance of the organization on economic, environmental, and social form. It consists
of the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, the Indicator Protocols, Technical Protocols, and
the Sector Supplements. The Sustainability Reporting Guidelines consist of the principles,
guidance, and disclosure requirements in terms of the form, frequency, contents, scope, and
boundary of the sustainability report. Indicator Protocol provides definitions, guidelines, and
the required information to help in maintaining consistency in the interpretation of the
various performance indicators in different fields. Technical Protocols provide information
and related guidance on issues like the boundary for the report. Sector Supplements are those
aspects of the GRI Guidelines, which are meant for particular sectors and their typical issues
and concerns.(Deegan, 2009)
A sustainability report, which is so prepared based on the GRI Framework, attempts to
present the effects and results that came about during the reporting period in relation to the
strategy, approach, and commitment of the organization in these fields. Based on the above
mentioned framework; the sustainability reports can be used for the following major
purposes:
Benchmarking- the sustainability reports are prepared for the purpose of measuring
the sustainability performance in terms of the laid down laws, norms, requirements,
standards of performance, and also the initiatives taken by the various corporates
voluntarily and on their own.(GRI, 2011).
Demonstration- a sustainability report helps to show and demonstrate not only how
does the organization influence the sustainable development, but also how it itself is
influenced by the expectations relating to sustainable development.
Comparison- a sustainability report helps to compare the performance of an
organization in the fields of economic, environmental, and social arena over a period
of time within an organization. It also helps to compare such performance between
different organizations as well. (GRI, 2011)
The preparation of the report in this manner and according to these guidelines relating to the
performance of the organization helps to make the organization accountable to various
internal and external stakeholders such as the customers, employees, trade unions, local
communities, suppliers, shareholders, other providers of capital, and the society in general.
Stakeholder Theory and Legitimacy Theory- A Critique
Stakeholder Theory provides the framework within which the influence of organization
action can be identified, observed, as well as studied. The theory is used in the field of
presenting information on corporate governance, strategic management, business ethics, and
organizational effectiveness. Due to such a broad sphere and impact of the theory, it is
warranted to examine and critically analyse the broad outlines upheld by it. The theory
presents a model in which it is posed that the purpose of existence of the enterprise is to serve
the many stakeholders and their interests where such interest may comprise of harm or
benefit by the enterprise; and for this purpose, it describes and develops the role and practice
of management, business ethics, and the actions of the enterprise. Whereas this conceptual
basis of the theory is very much conceivable, there are certain flaws which pose serious
concerns. The theory does not make a distinction between the terms ‘enterprise’ and
‘corporation’, and thus fails to conceptualize the distinction between the owners of the
organization, or the people who conduct the business, with the actual conduct of the business
which is represented by the enterprise.(Freedman, 2010). The focus of the theory is on the
distribution aspect of the results, outcomes, harms, and benefits, but ignores the production
aspect of the economic value addition and assumes that such production and value addition is
voluntary by the enterprise.
On the other hand, the Legitimacy Theory rests on the basic assertion that the organizations
seek to operate within the laid down norms and boundaries of their society with a view to
ensure that all activities are perceived as ‘legitimate’ by the society. The theory also
recognizes that these norms and bounds are not particularly fixed or statutory but change
continually, and the success of the organization depends on how responsive it is to the
environment in which it operates....