1. An upper-layer packet is split into 10 frames, each of which has an 80% chance of arriving undamaged. If no error control is done by the data link protocol, how many times must the message be sent...

1. An upper-layer packet is split into 10 frames, each of which has an 80% chance of arriving undamaged. If no error control is done by the data link protocol, how many times must the message be sent on average to get the entire thing through?

2. . The following character encoding is used in a data link protocol:

A: 01000111 B: 11100011 FLAG: 01111110 ESC: 11100000

Show the bit sequence transmitted (in binary) for the four-character frame A B ESC FLAG when each of the following framing methods is used:

(a) Byte count.

(b) Flag bytes with byte stuffing.

(c) Starting and ending flag bytes with bit stuffing.