Blue Ocean Strategy TLFeBOOK Blue Ocean Strategy FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page i FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page ii Blue Ocean Strategy How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the...

... - BOOK REPORT BLUE OCEAN ( 6 PAGES ) A brief report of Blue Ocean.


Blue Ocean Strategy TLFeBOOK Blue Ocean Strategy FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page i FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page ii Blue Ocean Strategy How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant W. Chan Kim Renée Mauborgne H A R V A R D B U S I N E S S S C H O O L P R E S S B O S T O N , M A S S A C H U S E T T S ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page iii Copyright 2005 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to [email protected], or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kim, W. Chan. Blue ocean strategy: how to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant / W. Chan Kim, Renée Mauborgne. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59139-619-0 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. New products. 2. Market segmentation. I. Mauborgne, Renée. II. Title. HF5415.153.K53 2005 658.8�02—dc22 2004020857 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives Z39.48–1992 FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page iv To friendship and to our families, who make our worlds more meaningful FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page v FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page vi Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Part One: Blue Ocean Strategy 1 Creating Blue Oceans 3 2 Analytical Tools and Frameworks 23 Part Two: Formulating Blue Ocean Strategy 3 Reconstruct Market Boundaries 47 4 Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers 81 5 Reach Beyond Existing Demand 101 6 Get the Strategic Sequence Right 117 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page vii Part Three: Executing Blue Ocean Strategy 7 Overcome Key Organizational Hurdles 147 8 Build Execution into Strategy 171 9 Conclusion: The Sustainability and Renewal of Blue Ocean Strategy 185 Appendix A 191 Appendix B 209 Appendix C 213 Notes 217 Bibliography 223 Index 231 About the Authors 239 viii Contents FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page viii ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Preface TH I S I S A B O O K about friendship, about loyalty, aboutbelieving in one another. It was because of that friend- ship, and that belief, that we set out on the journey to explore the ideas in this book and eventually came to write it. We met twenty years ago in a classroom—one the professor, the other the student. And we have worked together ever since, often seeing ourselves along the journey as two wet rats in a drain. This book is not the victory of an idea but of a friendship that we have found more meaningful than any idea in the world of business. It has made our lives rich and our worlds more beautiful. We were not alone. No journey is easy; no friendship is filled only with laughter. But we were excited every day of that journey because we were on a mis- sion to learn and improve. We believe passionately in the ideas in this book. These ideas are not for those whose ambition in life is to get by or merely to survive. That was never an interest of ours. If you can be satisfied with that, do not read on. But if you want to make a difference, to create a company that builds a future where customers, employees, shareholders, and society win, read on. We are not saying it is easy, but it is worthwhile. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page ix Our research confirms that there are no permanently excellent companies, just as there are no permanently excellent industries. As we have found on our own tumbling road, we all, like corpora- tions, do smart things and less-than-smart things. To improve the quality of our success we need to study what we did that made a positive difference and understand how to replicate it systemati- cally. That is what we call making smart strategic moves, and we have found that the strategic move that matters centrally is to cre- ate blue oceans. Blue ocean strategy challenges companies to break out of the red ocean of bloody competition by creating uncontested market space that makes the competition irrelevant. Instead of dividing up exist- ing—and often shrinking—demand and benchmarking competi- tors, blue ocean strategy is about growing demand and breaking away from the competition. This book not only challenges compa- nies but also shows them how to achieve this. We first introduce a set of analytical tools and frameworks that show you how to sys- tematically act on this challenge, and, second, we elaborate the principles that define and separate blue ocean strategy from compe- tition-based strategic thought. Our aim is to make the formulation and execution of blue ocean strategy as systematic and actionable as competing in the red wa- ters of known market space. Only then can companies step up to the challenge of creating blue oceans in a smart and responsible way that is both opportunity maximizing and risk minimizing. No company—large or small, incumbent or new entrant—can afford to be a riverboat gambler. And no company should. The contents of this book are based on more than fifteen years of research, data stretching back more than a hundred years, and a se- ries of Harvard Business Review articles as well as academic arti- cles on various dimensions of this topic. The ideas, tools, and frameworks presented here have been further tested and refined over the years in corporate practice in Europe, the United States, and Asia. This book builds on and extends this work by providing a narrative arc that draws these ideas together to offer a unified x Preface FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page x framework. This framework addresses not only the analytic as- pects behind the creation of blue ocean strategy but also the all- important human aspects of how to bring an organization and its people on this journey with a willingness to execute these ideas in action. Here, understanding how to build trust and commitment, as well as an understanding of the importance of intellectual and emotional recognition, are highlighted and brought to the core of strategy. Blue ocean opportunities have been out there. As they have been explored, the market universe has been expanding. This expansion, we believe, is the root of growth. Yet poor understanding exists both in theory and in practice as to how to systematically create and capture blue oceans. We invite you to read this book to learn how you can be a driver of this expansion in the future. Preface xi FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page xi FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page xii Acknowledgments WE H AV E H A D S I G N I F I C A N T H E L P in actualizingthis book. INSEAD has provided a unique environ- ment in which to conduct our research. We have benefited greatly from the crossover between theory and practice that exists at INSEAD, and from the truly global composition of our faculty, stu- dent, and executive education populations. Deans Antonio Borges, Gabriel Hawawini, and Ludo Van der Heyden provided encourage- ment and institutional support from the start and allowed us to closely intertwine our research and teaching. Pricewaterhouse- Coopers (PwC) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) have ex- tended the financial support for our research; in particular, Frank Brown and Richard Baird at PwC, and René Abate, John Clarkeson, George Stalk, and Olivier Tardy of BCG have been valued partners. While we had help from a highly talented group of researchers over the years, our two dedicated research associates, Jason Hunter and Ji Mi, who have worked with us for the last several years, deserve special mention. Their commitment, persistent re- search support, and drive for perfection, were essential in realizing this book. We feel blessed by their presence. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) FM-Kim.qxd 10/25/04 10:03 AM Page xiii Our colleagues at the school have contributed to the ideas in the book. INSEAD faculty members, particularly Subramanian Ran- gan and Ludo Van der Heyden, helped us to reflect upon our ideas and offered valuable comments and support. Many of INSEAD’s faculty have taught the ideas and frameworks in this book to execu- tive and M.B.A. audiences, providing valuable feedback that sharp- ened our thinking. Others have provided intellectual encourage- ment and the energy of kindness. We thank here, among others, Ron Adner, Jean-Louis Barsoux, Ben Bensaou, Henri-Claude de Bettignies, Mike Brimm, Laurence Capron, Marco Ceccagnoli, Karel Cool, Arnoud De Meyer, Ingemar Dierickx, Gareth Dyas, George Eapen, Paul Evans, Charlie Galunic, Annabelle Gawer, Javier Gimeno, Dominique Héau, Neil Jones, Philippe Lasserre, Jean-François Manzoni, Jens Meyer, Claude Michaud, Deigan Morris, Quy Nguyen-Huy, Subramanian Rangan, Jonathan Story, Heinz Thanheiser, Ludo Van der Heyden, David Young, Peter Zem- sky, and Ming Zeng. We have been fortunate to have a network of practitioners and case writers across the globe. They have contributed greatly in showing how the ideas in this book apply in action and helping to develop case material for our research. Among many people, one deserves special mention: Marc Beauvois-Coladon, who has worked with us from the start and made a major contribution to chapter 4 based on his field experiences practicing our ideas in companies. Among the wealth of others, we would like to thank Francis Gouillart and his associates; Gavin Fraser and his associates; Wayne Morten- sen; Brian Marks; Kenneth Lau; Yasushi Shiina; Jonathan Landrey and his associates; Junan Jiang; Ralph Trombetta and his associ- ates; Gabor Burt and his associates; Shantaram Venkatesh; Miki Kawawa and her associates; Atul Sinha and his associates; Arnold Izsak and his associates; Volker Westermann and his associates; Matt Williamson; and Caroline Edwards and her associates. We also appreciate the emerging cooperation with Accenture as